Coptidis rhizoma and its main bioactive components: recent advances in chemical investigation, quality evaluation and ph
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Chinese Medicine Open Access
REVIEW
Coptidis rhizoma and its main bioactive components: recent advances in chemical investigation, quality evaluation and pharmacological activity Fan‑Cheng Meng1, Zheng‑Feng Wu1, Zhi‑Qi Yin2, Li‑Gen Lin1, Ruibing Wang1* and Qing‑Wen Zhang1*
Abstract Background: Coptidis rhizoma (CR) is the dried rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch., C. deltoidea C. Y. Cheng et Hsiao or C. teeta Wall. (Ranunculaceae) and is commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of various diseases including bacillary dysentery, typhoid, tuberculosis, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, empyrosis, pertussis, and other illnesses. Methods: A literature survey was conducted via SciFinder, ScieneDirect, PubMed, Springer, and Wiley databases. A total of 139 selected references were classified on the basis of their research scopes, including chemical investigation, quality evaluation and pharmacological studies. Results: Many types of secondary metabolites including alkaloids, lignans, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saccharides, and steroids have been isolated from CR. Among them, protoberberine-type alkaloids, such as berberine, palmatine, coptisine, epiberberine, jatrorrhizine, columamine, are the main components of CR. Quantita‑ tive determination of these alkaloids is a very important aspect in the quality evaluation of CR. In recent years, with the advances in isolation and detection technologies, many new instruments and methods have been developed for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the main alkaloids from CR. The quality control of CR has provided safety for pharmacological applications. These quality evaluation methods are also frequently employed to screen the active components from CR. Various investigations have shown that CR and its main alkaloids exhibited many powerful pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hypoglycemic, anti-Alzheimer and hepatoprotective activities. Conclusion: This review summarizes the recent phytochemical investigations, quality evaluation methods, the bio‑ logical studies focusing on CR as well as its main alkaloids. Keywords: Coptidis rhizoma, Coptis genus, Phytochemistry, Quality evaluation, Pharmacological effects Background Coptidis rhizoma (CR) is the dried rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch., C. deltoidea C. Y. Cheng et Hsiao or C. teeta Wall. (Ranunculaceae). The rhizomes of C. japonica *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, People’s Republic of China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Makino and C. japonica var. dissecta are also used as CR in Japan. CR has a long history of usage for clearing heat, eliminating dampness, purging fire and detoxification in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). CR, also called goldthread, was frequently used for the treatment of ba
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