Correlation between laser spectroscopic studies and mechanical characterization of zirconia-based multiwall carbon nanot
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Correlation between laser spectroscopic studies and mechanical characterization of zirconia‑based multiwall carbon nanotube ceramic composites Zeyad Almutairi1,2,3 · Kaleem Ahmad2,3 · Mahmoud A. Al‑Gawati4,5 · Abdulaziz AlHazaa4,5 Received: 3 March 2020 / Accepted: 15 April 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The hardness of zirconium oxide-based ceramic nanocomposites was correlated with the laser spectroscopic studies by analyzing the samples through nanosecond and femtosecond laser to see the viability of this technique as a fast and in situ for assessment of mechanical properties in nuclear industry. Zirconia incorporated with different vol% of multiwall carbon nanotubes were processed by the high frequency induction heated sintering. The composites were characterized by the nanosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with optimized delay time of 1, 2, and 3 µs and 200 and 300 mJ energies generated by laser Nd:YAG (λ = 1064 nm). The plasma temperature resulted by the ablation of different samples was estimated through intensity of selected zirconium lines using the Boltzmann plot method. The samples were mechanically characterized by the Vickers hardness test. The estimated plasma temperature and the ratio of Zr(II) with different intensities of Zr(I) emission lines show rather weak dependency and increase with surface hardness. The samples were scrutinized by the femtosecond laser micromachining through variation in depth and surface morphology of machined areas. It is found that deeper circular groove and enhanced erosion of disk shape by femtosecond laser machining are achieved for less hard materials and are in agreement with the LIBS analysis. Keywords LIBS · Femtosecond · Nanocomposites · Ceramics · Machining
1 Introduction The current renaissance in nuclear energy industry due to significant increase in the world energy demand accompanied by the concern of global warming has prompted the * Zeyad Almutairi [email protected] * Kaleem Ahmad [email protected] 1
Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
2
Sustainable Energy Technologies Center, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
3
K.A.CARE, Energy Research and Innovation Center at Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4
King Abdullah Institute of Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
research in advanced engineering materials for generation IV nuclear power reactors [1, 2]. Ceramics are high-performance materials and retain their outstanding mechanical and exceptional physical properties such as good chemical stability, wear resistance, corrosions defense even in high radiation/temperature zone, thus playing an important role in fuel fabrication, fuel cycle and fuel waste stabilization in nuclear industry [3]. Zirconia ( ZrO2) is one of the advanced key engineering materials that poss
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