Correlation of the two most frequent HLA haplotypes in the Italian population to the differential regional incidence of
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Journal of Translational Medicine Open Access
RESEARCH
Correlation of the two most frequent HLA haplotypes in the Italian population to the differential regional incidence of Covid‑19 Simona Pisanti1* , Joris Deelen2, Anna Maria Gallina3, Mariella Caputo1, Marianna Citro1, Mario Abate1 , Nicoletta Sacchi3, Carmine Vecchione1,4 and Rosanna Martinelli1*
Abstract Background: Understanding how HLA polymorphisms may affect both susceptibility, course and severity of Covid19 infection could help both at the clinical level to identify individuals at higher risk from the disease and at the epidemiological one to explain the differences in the epidemic trend among countries or even within a specific country. Covid-19 disease in Italy showed a peculiar geographical distribution from the northern most affected regions to the southern ones only slightly touched. Methods: In this study we analysed the regional frequencies for the most common Italian haplotypes from the Italian Bone Marrow Donor Registry (HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1 at four-digit level). Then we performed Pearson correlation analyses among regional haplotypes estimated frequency in the population and Covid-19 incidence and mortality. Results: In this study we found that the two most frequent HLA haplotypes in the Italian population, HLA-A*:01:01 g-B*08:01 g-C*07:01g-DRB1*03:01g and HLA-A*02.01g-B*18.01g-C*07.01g-DRB1*11.04g, had a regional distribution overlapping that of Covid-19 and showed respectively a positive (suggestive of susceptibility) and negative (suggestive of protection) significant correlation with both Covid-19 incidence and mortality. Conclusions: Based on these results, in order to define such HLA haplotypes as a factor effectively associated to the disease susceptibility, the creation of national networks that can collect patients’ samples from all regions for HLA typing should be highly encouraged. Keywords: HLA polymorphisms, Covid-19 incidence and mortality, Susceptibility, HLA typing Background The novel coronavirus identified in the last months of 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the family of already known human CoVs of zoonotic origin, along with 229E, OC43, HKU1, NL63, that are community acquired CoVs, well adapted to humans, causing mild respiratory diseases. The CoVs causing severe acute respiratory *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), that are on the contrary highly pathogenic and cause severe respiratory disease with significantly high case fatality (9.6% for SARS-CoV and 34.4% in MERS-CoV), also belong to this family [1]. SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia, named by World Health Organization as coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid19), has been declared a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020 since its first appearance in Wuhan, China,
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