Italian Mathematics Between the Two World Wars
This book describes Italian mathematics in the period between the two World Wars. We analyze its development by focusing on both the interior and the external influences. Italian mathematics in that period was shaped by a colorful array of strong personal
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Science Networks
Angelo Guerraggio Pietro Nastasi
Italian Mathematics Between the Two World Wars
B i r k h ä u s e r
Science Networks · Historical Studies Founded by Erwin Hiebert and Hans Wußing Volume 29
Edited by Eberhard Knobloch and Erhard Scholz Editorial Board: K. Andersen, Aarhus D. Buchwald, Pasadena H.J.M. Bos, Utrecht U. Bottazzini, Roma J.Z. Buchwald, Cambridge, Mass. K. Chemla, Paris S.S. Demidov, Moskva E.A. Fellmann, Basel M. Folkerts, München P. Galison, Cambridge, Mass. I. Grattan-Guinness, London J. Gray, Milton Keynes
R. Halleux, Liège S. Hildebrandt, Bonn Ch. Meinel, Regensburg J. Peiffer, Paris W. Purkert, Leipzig D. Rowe, Mainz A.I. Sabra, Cambridge, Mass. Ch. Sasaki, Tokyo R.H. Stuewer, Minneapolis H. Wußing, Leipzig V.P. Vizgin, Moskva
Angelo Guerraggio Pietro Nastasi
Italian Mathematics Between the Two World Wars
Birkhäuser Verlag Basel · Boston · Berlin
Authors’ addresses: Angelo Guerraggio Centro PRISTEM-Eleusi Università Bocconi Viale Isonzo, 25 20135 Milano Italy
Pietro Nastasi Dipartimento di Matematica Università di Palermo Via Archirafi, 34 90123 Palermo Italy
email: [email protected]
email: [email protected]
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 01A60, 01A72
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress, Washington D.C., USA. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbiografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.ddb.de. ISBN 3-7643-6555-2 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel – Boston – Berlin This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use whatsoever, permission of the copyright owner must be obtained.
© 2006 Birkhäuser Verlag, P.O.Box 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland Part of Springer Science+Business Media Cover design: Micha Lotrovsky, Therwil, Switzerland Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp. TCF ∞ Printed in Germany ISBN-10: 3-7643-6555-2 e-ISBN: 3-7643-7512-4 ISBN-13: 978-3-7643-6555-4 987654321
Preface During the first decades of the last century Italian mathematics was considered to be the third national school due to its importance and the high level of its numerous researchers. The decision to organize the 1908 International Congress of Mathematicians in Rome (after those in Paris and Heidelberg) confirmed this position. Qualified Italian universities were permanently included in the tour organized for young mathematicians’ improvement. Even in the years after the First World War, Rome (together with Paris and Göttingen) remained an important mathematical center according to the American mathematician G. D. Birkhoff. Now, after almost a century, we can state that the golden age of Italian mathematics reduces to the decades
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