Corrosion Protection of Materials by Applying Nanotechnology Associated Studies
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Corrosion Protection of Materials by Applying Nanotechnology Associated Studies Ramazan Asmatulu, and Richard O. Claus Fiber & Electro Optics Research Center, Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 ABSTRACT Corrosion usually takes place and degrades material surfaces based on environmental chemistry. There are several popular ways of decreasing corrosion rates to improve the lifetime of materials and devices. As recently determined, some methods may incorporate nanostructured materials processing approaches. These include surface treatment methods, nanocomposite thin film coatings, top layer coatings and thermal barrier coatings. Test results show that the corrosion performance of materials is significantly improved as compared to materials processed using conventional methods. In the present paper, some of these studies will be analyzed, and the obtained corrosion results will be evaluated in detail for the future of corrosion processes. INTRODUCTION Corrosion has been one of the most studied industrial problems for many years. It mostly occurs on metals and alloys as well as polymers, woods and ceramics due to materials interaction with seawater, humid environment, acid rains, emissions, pollutants, chemical by-products and industrial waste, as well as sunlight (combined UV radiation and heat). Interfaces at grain boundaries and interfacial cracks, and between two dissimilar materials are vulnerable sides for corrosion attack. Impurities, surface morphology and lattice imperfection in material structures can also enhance the corrosion rate [1-5]. Corrosion usually begins at the surface and decreases the lifetime of materials used regularly in aircraft and spacecraft, land and sea transportation vehicles, infrastructure and electronic and computer devices. As a result of the corrosion on material surfaces, these materials can lose their mechanical, physical and chemical properties as well as their appearances [1-5]. Because of the corrosion formation on materials, it is estimated that more than 5% of an industrialized nation’s gross national product (GNP) is spent for corrosion prevention, replacement of corroded parts, maintenance and environmental protections. This corresponds to nearly a $280 billion cost to the U.S. economy per year in 2001 [6]. Protective coatings are probably the most widely accepted approach for corrosion control. Therefore, a thin film coating is frequently utilized for the purpose of metal surface protection against corrosion attack. Representative organic thin film coating materials, such as polyurethane, polyamide, polyester, PVC, acrylics, alkyds and epoxies play a crucial role as a protective layer by delaying the transition of corrosive species, such as chlorine and hydroxyl ions, water, oxygen, pollutants and pigments, which have affinity to react with the material surface [1-7]. In other words, the protective coating impedes the interactions between anodic and cathodic sites at the coatingmetal interface partly by lim
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