Could polypropylene mesh impair male reproductive organs? Experimental study with different methods of implantation
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Could polypropylene mesh impair male reproductive organs? Experimental study with different methods of implantation S. H. B. Damous1,3 · L. L. Damous2 · J. S. Miranda1 · E. F. S. Montero1 · C. Birolini1 · E. M. Utiyama1 Received: 23 February 2020 / Accepted: 2 April 2020 © Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the vas deferens and testicles of rats submitted to bilateral inguinotomy and polypropylene (PP) mesh placement. Method Sixty Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: Control (inguinotomy only), mesh placement over the vas deferens (Mesh-DD) or under the spermatic funiculus (Mesh-SF). The following analyses were performed: vas deferens morphometry (lumen area and wall thickness), quantification of collagen fibers, spermatogenesis, apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL) and cellular proliferation (Ki67). Quantitative gene expression (qPCR) for apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by RT-PCR. Results In the apoptosis pathway, Mesh-DD showed one upregulated gene (Il10) and three downregulated genes (Fadd, Tnfrsf1b and Xiap). In Mesh-SF, 17 genes were downregulated. In the inflammation pathway (Mesh-DD), one gene was upregulated (Il1r1), and one gene was downregulated (Ccl12). In Mesh-SF, three genes were upregulated (Il1r1, Tnfsf13b and Csf1), and two were downregulated (Ccl12 and Csf2). PP mesh placement preserved spermatogenesis and did not alter the vas deferens or the testicle. In the ductus deferens, there was reduced luminal area (30 days), increased wall thickness (90 days), and increased type III collagen and cell proliferation (30 and 90 days) (p 0.05 30 days and 90 days) (Fig. 4a, b). In the testicle, there was no difference with respect to cleaved caspase-3 (p > 0.05 30 and 90 days); however, in the TUNEL assay, there was a statistically significant difference in mesh groups in 90 days compared to the control (p > 0.05 30 days, p
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