Cratoxylum sumatranum (Jack) Blume Hypericaceae
Elodes sumatrana Jack; Cratoxylum arboreum Elmer; Cratoxylum clandestinum Blume; Cratoxylum floribundum (Turcz.) Fern.-Vill.; Cratoxylum hornschuchii Blume; Cratoxylum hypericinum Merr.; Cratoxylum racemosum Blume
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Synonyms Elodes sumatrana Jack; Cratoxylum arboreum Elmer; Cratoxylum clandestinum Blume; Cratoxylum floribundum (Turcz.) Fern.-Vill.; Cratoxylum hornschuchii Blume; Cratoxylum hypericinum Merr.; Cratoxylum racemosum Blume
Local Names Borneo: Irat, Geronggang, Laka-laka, Lingan, Mampat, Manding, Mentialing, Serungan, Serungan mampat Indonesia: Haremeng, Ki remeng (Sundanese); Arong, Klampet, Lampet, Marong, Urang-urangan (Javanese); Bentaleng (Dayak Benuaq, East Kalimantan) Java: Maron(g) (Salak); Rinjung gide (Sundanese); Wuluan (Central Java) Philippines: Bansilai, Ulingon (Cebu Bisaya); Bansilay (Agusan Manobo); Baringkokoring, Baringkukurung, Barikokoroi, Kaminoringen, Ugingan (Iloko); Bariuanuring, Kuttu, Suilak, Utto (Ibanag); Biro (Negrito); Guyong-guyong, Panaguliñgon, Paguringon, Salinggogon (Tagalog); Kansilai, Pagoriñgon (Panay Bisaya); Kuelan (Igorot); Olingon (Cebu Bisaya, Manobo, Sulu); Paguringan (Maguindanao); Uling (Tinggian); Ulingun (Manobo); Uring (Bagobo); Uugin (Apayao) Sulawesi: Kaju arang; Sisio pule (Malili) Sumatra: Garinggang (Palembang, Simalur); Garunggang, Kemutun
M. L. G. Dapar (*) The Graduate School and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 F. M. Franco (ed.), Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Southeast Asia, Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14116-5_114-1
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Botany and Ecology Description: Tree or shrub, up to 51 m tall and 80 cm in diameter, deciduous to subdeciduous, glabrous (Fig. 1). Bark fissured, peeling in strips, dark brown; young shoots with interpetiolar scar continuous. Leaves sessile or with petiole up to 15 mm, 4–18 2–7 cm, elliptic to ovate-oblong, apex rounded to cuspidate, base subcordate or rounded to attenuate, herbaceous to chartaceous, sometimes glaucous beneath. Inflorescence a foliate panicle, often large; pedicels 1.5–5 mm. Flowers homostylous. Sepals 3–6.5 3–4.5 mm. Petals dark or brownish-red to brick red, pale green at base, 4–9 by 1.5–4 mm. Stamen fascicles 2.5–7.5 mm long, with stamens more or less congested, ca. 120 per fascicle; anther gland absent. Staminodial fascicles (if well developed) yellow, up to 3 mm long, flattened, oblong to obovate, cucullate. Ovary 1.5–3 mm long; styles 1.5–3 mm. Capsule 7–10 3–5 mm, ca. 1–3 times as long as the sepals, cylindric, with columella basal to half as long as capsule. Seeds 3–10 per loculus, 5–7.5 1.5–2 mm, oblanceolate to oblong. Cratoxylum sumatranum can be distinguished from other Cratoxylum species from its stem with white to yellow latex. Leaves deciduous, opposite, simple, penniveined, glabrous, venation conspicuous, and not forming an intramarginal vein. Inflorescence many-flowered. Flowers ca. 8 mm diameter, pink-red-purple, placed in panicles, petals without nectary scale. Fruits ca. 8 mm long, yellow-brown-black, dehiscent capsules, filled with many small, unilaterally winged seeds (Fig. 2). Phenology: Fl
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