CREATION OF A FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIAL BY THE SELECTIVE LASER MELTING METHOD
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CREATION OF A FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIAL BY THE SELECTIVE LASER MELTING METHOD V. M. Fomin, A. A. Golyshev, A. G. Malikov,
UDC 621.373.826
∗
A. M. Orishich, and A. A. Filippov
Abstract: The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the microstructure and microhardness of a functionally gradient material fabricated from 316L stainless steel and tungsten carbide (WC) ceramic particles by the selective laser melting method. High-quality defect-free cermet coatings with different ceramic contents were obtained. Optical and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis show that laser processing leads to dissolution of WC ceramic particles. The produced coating has a dendritic structure and contains iron- and chromium-based carbides. The coating microhardness is in the range HV0.3 = 280–430. Keywords: selective laser melting, functional gradient material, stainless steel, ceramics, microstructure, microhardness, structural and phase composition. DOI: 10.1134/S0021894420050235
INTRODUCTION The process of additive “growing” of complex structural elements has been successfully introduced into production. This technology is primarily suitable for small-scale production of prototype models and is also used in high-tech industries, such as aircraft and rocketry engineering, the ship and automotive industry, etc. [1, 2]. A promising area in the development of additive technologies is the development of functionally gradient materials (FGM). These materials have high shock resistance due to the influence of internal and external processes. Internal processes are due to the material microstructure (grain size, grain boundary conditions, particle positions, secondary phase formation, etc.), and the other processes leading to an increase in toughness are external. External processes promote a reduction in stress intensity due to the formation of delamination on joint surfaces. In these materials, three types of layer arrangement are possible, which provide crack front retardation in one case, its branching in the second case, and through crack formation in the third case. Most FGMs are reinforced with particles (or layers) of a reinforcing layer phase. The thermophysical and mechanical properties of FGMs depend on the composition, shape, size, and distribution of particles of the reinforcing phase in the matrix. FGMs are often fabricated from high-strength steels, aluminum and titanium alloys, monolithic ceramics, and multilayer composite materials with a gradient structure. Of particular interest is the fabrication of layered materials with a gradient structure alloyed with various materials [3].
Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; ∗ fi[email protected]. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 61, No. 5, pp. 224–234, September–October, 2020. Original article submitted June 3, 2020; revision submitt
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