Creation of micro and macro spaces by electrospinning and application to electrode materials of energy devices
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MRS Advances © 2020 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2020.34
Creation of micro and macro spaces by electrospinning and application to electrode materials of energy devices K. Oshida, N. Kobayashi, K. Osawa, Y. Takizawa, T. Itaya, M. Murata, S. Sato National Institute of Technology, Nagano College, 716 Tokuma, Nagano 381-8550, Japan
ABSTRACT
This study aims to create controlled fine space by electrospinning, and to develop the electrode materials for high-performance energy devices. With the popularization of mobile devices, household appliances, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and the like, the use of power storage devices is expanding, and further performance improvements are required. In this study, a novel electrode material was developed by compositing Si with carbon nanofibers derived from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by electrospinning and heat treatment. The texture and structure of the nanofibers were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with image processing. Nano spaces were created in the CNFs and Si particles were able to be contained in the CNFs. In the second and subsequent cycles of the charge/discharge experiments of lithium ion battery (LIB) electrode made from the materials, the capacity was more than twice the theoretical capacity using graphite, and good cycle performance was obtained.
INTRODUCTION: With the popularization of mobile devices, household appliances, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and the like, the use of power storage devices is expanding, and further performance improvements are required. Its performance is dependent on the capacity of the electrode. Particulate graphite has been used for the anode materials of currently widely used lithium-ion rechargeable batteries (LIBs), but the capacity cannot exceed the theoretical maximum capacity (372 mAh/g) of graphite-lithium compound (LiC6). The battery characteristics close to the theoretical maximum capacity have already been realized.
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Therefore, the study of new anode materials is essential to achieve further high performance of storage devices. There is silicon (Si) with a theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh/g as an anode material to replace graphite [1], but there are many challenges for practical applications, such as the destruction of Si structures due to the large volume expansion rate (300-400 %) upon the intercalation of Li ions [2]. In this study, a novel electrode material was developed by compositing Si with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) made from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by electrospinning and heat treatment. The CNFs already have micropores and mesopores with a specific surface area of 600 to 1000 m2/g, as shown in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of figur
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