Critical Appraisal of Physical Science as a Human Enterprise Dynamic
The objective of this book is to reconstruct historical episodes and experiments that have been important in scientific progress, and to explore the role played by controversies and rivalries among scientists. Although progress in science has been replete
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Science & Technology Education Library VOLUME 36 SERIES EDITOR Sherry Southerland, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA FOUNDING EDITOR Ken Tobin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA EDITORIAL BOARD Fouad Abd El Khalick, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Nancy Brickhouse, University of Delaware, Newark, USA Marrisa Rollnick, College of Science, Johannesburg, South Africa Svein Sjøberg, University of Oslo, Norway David Treagust, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia Chin-Chung Tsai, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan Larry Yore, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada SCOPE The book series Science & Technology Education Library provides a publication forum for scholarship in science and technology education. It aims to publish innovative books which are at the forefront of the field. Monographs as well as collections of papers will be published.
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Mansoor Niaz
Critical Appraisal of Physical Science as a Human Enterprise Dynamics of Scientific Progress
Mansoor Niaz Epistemology of Science Group Department of Chemistry Universidad de Oriente Cumaná, Estado Sucre Venezuela
ISBN 978-1-4020-9625-9
e-ISBN 978-1-4020-9626-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009920028 © 2009 Springer Science + Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper springer.com
For Magda and Sabuhi For their love, patience, and understanding
Acknowledgments
My institution, Universidad de Oriente (Venezuela) has been the major sponsor of most of my research activities for the last 20 years, through various grants provided by the Consejo de Investigación. I am indebted to Juan Pascual-Leone (York University, Toronto), Richard F. Kitchener (Colorado State University), Michael R. Matthews (University of New South Wales, Australia), Stephen G. Brush (University of Maryland), and Gerald Holton (Harvard University) for helpful discussions on various aspects of history and philosophy of science. A special word of thanks is due to Art Stinner (University of Manitoba, Winnipeg) and colleagues (especially Stephen Klassen, University of Winnipeg) for providing a congenial and stimulating intellectual environment during my three very productive visits in 2001, 2003, and 2007. Thanks are due to the following publishers for reproduction of materials from my publications: (a) Elsevier (Chapter 5); and (b) Oxford University Press (Chapter 7)
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Contents
Acknowledgments ...........................................................................................
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1
Introduction ..
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