Human animal interface of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) transmission: a critical appraisal of scientific evidence
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Human animal interface of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) transmission: a critical appraisal of scientific evidence Rubal Singla 1 & Abhishek Mishra 1 & Rupa Joshi 1 & Sonali Jha 2 & Amit Raj Sharma 3 & Sujata Upadhyay 4 & Phulen Sarma 1 & Ajay Prakash 1 & Bikash Medhi 1 Received: 9 August 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known to infect both humans and animals. However, the evidence of intertransmission of coronavirus between humans and companion animals is still a debatable issue. There is substantial evidence that the virus outbreak is fueled by zoonotic transmission because this new virus belongs to the same family of viruses as SARS-CoV associated with civet cats, and MERS-CoV associated with dromedary camels. While the whole world is investigating the possibility about the transmission of this virus, the transmission among humans is established, but the interface between humans and animals is not much evident. Not only are the lives of human beings at risk, but there is an equal potential threat to the animal world. With multiple reports claiming about much possibility of transmission of COVID-19 from humans to animals, there has been a significant increase in the number of pets being abandoned by their owners. Additionally, the risk of reverse transmission of COVID-19 virus from companion pets like cats and dogs at home is yet another area of concern. The present article highlights different evidence of human-animal interface and necessitates the precautionary measures required to combat with the consequences of this interface. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have suggested various ways to promote awareness and corroborate practices for helping people as well as animals to stay secure and healthy. Keywords COVID-19 . SARS-CoV-2 . Pets . Zoonotic Impacts: • With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 around the globe, not only humans but their companion animals are also found to be at comparative risk. • Various experimental studies from different countries provided evidence of the possible role of the human animal interface in COVID19 transmission. • The World Health Organization (WHO) has advised to take general precautionary measures to prevent cross species COVID-19 transmission. Moreover, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and climate change has suggested regular examination of abnormal animal behavior in zoos. Protective measures are required to save the companion animals from virus transmission. * Bikash Medhi [email protected] Rubal Singla [email protected] Abhishek Mishra [email protected] Rupa Joshi [email protected] Sonali Jha [email protected]
Amit Raj Sharma [email protected] Sujata Upadhyay [email protected] Phulen Sarma [email protected] Ajay Prakash [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Vet Res Commun
Introduction The recent outbreak
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