Cross-transferability of SSR markers developed in Rhododendron species of Himalaya
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Cross-transferability of SSR markers developed in Rhododendron species of Himalaya Himanshu Sharma1 · Abhishek Bhandawat1 · Sandeep Rawat2 Received: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 20 June 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Rhododendron is a genus of evergreen woody ornamental plants of northern hemisphere with strong cold resistance, attractive flowers and high altitude adaptation capacity. The genus originated and diversified from Sino-Himalayan region and spread across the world, and has high species diversity in Northeast India. To assess cross-species amplification, we tested 32 microsatellites markers in fifteen taxa of the genus Rhododendron of North-eastern Himalaya, of which fourteen microsatellites were newly developed from Rhododendron simsii, and eighteen microsatellites were previously developed from Rhododendron catawbiense and Rhododendron mucronatum var. ripense. Nine pairs of primers were amplified successfully in all species, however, none of them was failed for amplification in any of the species. The average observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and PIC value were recorded as 0.310, 0.433 and 0.379 respectively. Clustering based on neighbourjoining analysis revealed the potential of these markers to segregate species according to their subgenus level, however, subspecies exhibited closeness with each other. Cross-application of these microsatellite loci will provide a potentially useful tool to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, gene flow, phylogenetics and evolutionary relationships in species of genus Rhododendron. Keywords Cross-transferability · Genomic resource · Himalaya · SSRs · Rhododendrons
Introduction Rhododendron genus (family Ericaceae) with more than 1000 species all over the world are distinguished for their ornamental, aesthetic, ethnic value and ecological significance (Gibbs et al. 2011). These species are centred in the temperate regions of eastern Himalaya to south-west China and New Guinea. A total of 87 species, 12 subspecies and 8 varieties reported from Indian Himalayan region, formed a major component of montane ecosystem of subalpine and alpine zone of the region (Sekar and Srivastava 2010; Kumar 2012). Himanshu Sharma and Abhishek Bhandawat have equal contribution. * Sandeep Rawat [email protected] 1
National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, 140306 Mohali, Punjab, India
Sikkim Regional Centre, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Pangthang, 737101 Gangtok, Sikkim, India
2
Distribution and endemism indicated that Sino-Himalayan region has highest rate of diversification in Rhododendron and a more rapid diversification recorded in last 18 million year, after Miocene period (Shrestha et al. 2018). Over millions year after evolution, various species have preserved its basic chromosome number and structure along with its fundamental functionality, thus provided opportunity of complete pairing of chromosome in hybrids between American and Asian species (Ma et al.
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