Cryptosporidium parvum , Cryptosporidium ryanae , and Cryptosporidium bovis in samples from calves in Austria
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PROTOZOOLOGY - SHORT COMMUNICATION
Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium ryanae, and Cryptosporidium bovis in samples from calves in Austria Katharina Lichtmannsperger 1 Anja Joachim 3
&
Josef Harl 2 & Katharina Freudenthaler 1 & Barbara Hinney 3 & Thomas Wittek 1 &
Received: 9 July 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Fecal samples of 177 calves of up to 180 days of age with diarrhea from 70 farms in Austria were examined to obtain information on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium species. Initially, all samples were examined by phase-contrast microscopy. Cryptosporidium-positive samples (55.4%; n = 98) were screened by gp60 PCR, resulting in 68.4% (n = 67) C. parvum–positive samples. The remaining 31 gp60-PCR-negative and the phase-contrast microscopy negative samples (n = 79) were screened by PCR targeting a 700 bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene. Sequencing of the PCR products revealed the presence of C. parvum (n = 69), C. ryanae (n = 11), and C. bovis (n = 7). The latter two species have never been described in Austria. C. parvum–positive samples were genotyped at the gp60 gene locus, featuring four subtypes (IIaA15G2R1, IIaA21G2R1, IIaA19G2R1, IIaA14G1R1). The most frequently detected subtype IIaA15G2R1 (n = 52) was present in calves from 30 different farms. IIaA14G1R1 (n = 5) occurred on a single farm, subtype IIaA21G2R1 (n = 4) on two farms, and subtype IIaA19G2R1 (n = 4) on three farms. The results confirm the widespread occurrence of zoonotic C. parvum in diarrheic calves. Keywords Protozoal infection . gp60 . 18S . Fecal consistency
Introduction To date, 38 Cryptosporidium species are known, of which four—C. parvum, C. bovis, C. ryanae, and C. andersoni— can be found in cattle. Cryptosporidium parvum and C. bovis are responsible for over 90% of bovine infections (Feng et al. 2018; Widmer et al. 2020). Cryptosporidium parvum is associated with diarrhea in neonatal calves and intra-herd prevalence extends up to 100% (Avendaño et al. 2018; Holzhausen et al. 2019; Thompson et al. 2017). Cryptosporidium bovis Section Editor: Lihua Xiao * Katharina Lichtmannsperger [email protected] 1
University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Wien, Austria
2
Institute of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Wien, Austria
3
Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Wien, Austria
and C. ryanae are primarily found in the feces of postweaned calves and C. andersoni in the abomasum of adult cattle (Ryan et al. 2014). Nevertheless, C. ryanae and C. bovis were isolated from pre-weaned diarrheic and healthy calves in certain areas of Sweden, China, and Sudan (Silverlås et al. 2010; Taha et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2011). Human cryptosporidiosis is primarily caused by C. parvum and C. hominis, and diarrheic and healthy calves are considered major reservoirs for human infections (Razakandrain
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