Crystal Growth and Characterization of Biologically Essential Drug Materials
Biologically essential drug material of Paracetamol was crystallized with the nonessential amino acid in equimolar ratio by slow solvent evaporation method. Good quality of transparent drug crystals was grown within 3 weeks and its stability was analyzed
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Abstract Biologically essential drug material of Paracetamol was crystallized with the nonessential amino acid in equimolar ratio by slow solvent evaporation method. Good quality of transparent drug crystals was grown within 3 weeks and its stability was analyzed by thermal studies. The unit cell parameters of the grown crystals were determined by single X-ray diffraction studies. FTIR, optical, and dielectric studies were also carried out to the grown biomolecular crystal which is very important in the drug development phase. Keywords Paracetamol • Drug crystals • Stability • S-XRD • FTIR • Optical • Dielectric
1 Introduction Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of Paracetamol has been extensively used as antipyretic and analgesic drugs [1, 2]. Paracetamol is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and it is also an important intermediate in manufacturing of azo-dyes and photographic chemicals [3] and it reduces nephrotoxicity [4]. Most of the drugs are delivered to the patients in crystalline form [5]. Crystallization of an API is not only an important art but also provides knowledge about physical properties of crystalline nature such as crystal form, shape,
K. Bhavani (*) Department of Physics, SRM University, Vadapalani, Chennai 600026, India e-mail: [email protected] K. Sankaranarayanan Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India S. Jerome Das Department of Physics, Loyola College, Chennai, India
S. Sathiyamoorthy et al. (eds.), Emerging Trends in Science, Engineering and Technology, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-1007-8_60, © Springer India 2012
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size and system, and so on. Owing to the medicinal and biological importance of Paracetamol, it was crystallized and this research work system can be employed at various stages of drug development phase.
2 Experimental Section 2.1 Solubility In pharmaceutical substance solubility data are an essential parameter to achieve required concentration of drug in systemic for pharmacological response. The drug solubility in saturated solution is a static property that relates more closely to the bioavailability rate [6]. Active ingredients are poorly soluble in water [7], but they dissolve easily in ethanol. The solubility of Paracetamol in ethanol was done by polystat thermostatic bath using water as a circulation fluid. The solution was prepared and maintained at 33 °C with continuous stirring to ensure homogenous temperature and concentration over the entire volume of the solution. On reaching saturation, the content of the solution analyzed gravimetrically. This process was repeated for every 5 °C in water from 33 to 43 °C. The solubility curve of Paracetamol in ethanol was shown in Fig. 1.
2.2 Crystal Growth from Drug Material In the present study, we investigate the active ingredient crystal growth with nonessential α-amino Aspartic acid. It can be synthesized from central metabolic pathway intermediates in humans. Aspartic acid is found in lunche
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