Current challenges and future trends in manufacturing small diameter artificial vascular grafts in bioreactors
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Current challenges and future trends in manufacturing small diameter artificial vascular grafts in bioreactors Farid Jafarihaghighi . Mehdi Ardjmand . Abolfazl Mirzadeh . Mohammad Salar Hassani . Shahriar Salemi Parizi
Received: 19 April 2019 / Accepted: 9 May 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death. Vascular surgery is mainly used to solve this problem. However, the generation of a functional and suitable substitute for small diameter (\ 6 mm) displacement is challengeable. Moreover, synthetic prostheses, made of polyethylene terephthalate and extended polytetrafluoroethylene show have shown insufficient performance. Therefore, the challenges dominating the use of autografts have prevented their efficient use. Tissue engineering is highlighted in regenerative medicine perhaps in aiming to address the issue of end-stage organ failure. While organs and complex tissues require the vascular supply to support the graft survival and render the bioartificial organ role, vascular tissue engineering has shown to be a hopeful method for cell implantation by the production of tissues in vitro. Bioreactors are a salient point in vascular tissue engineering due to the F. Jafarihaghighi M. Ardjmand (&) M. S. Hassani S. S. Parizi Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran e-mail: [email protected] A. Mirzadeh Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia S. S. Parizi Young Researchers and Elite Club, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
capability for reproducible and controlled variations showing a new horizon in blood vessel substitution. This review strives to display the overview of current concepts in the development of small-diameter by using bioreactors. In this work, we show a critical look at different factors for developing small-diameter and give suggestions for future studies. Keywords Cardiovascular Small diameter Tissue engineering Bioreactor Grafts Veins
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death (American Heart Association 1997; Campbell et al. 1999; Mann and West 2001; Petersen et al. 2002; Ptaszek et al. 2012; Ratcliffe 2000; Roger et al. 2012; Sodian et al. 2000). It is anticipated that the world will encounter 23.6 million deaths by 2030 and the cause of death every year due to coronary heart disease (CHD) will approximately reach 7.25 million (Massai et al. 2013). Arteriosclerosis is a vascular disorder which is the main cause of death in western communities (American Heart Association 1997; Lusis 2000). This illness affects various arteries and is the principle reason for gangrene, aortic aneurysms, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Atherosclerotic lesions which are situated in the arterial wall are defined by the deposition of
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