Current Status of Capillary Electrophoresis

  • PDF / 2,627,606 Bytes
  • 17 Pages / 612 x 792 pts (letter) Page_size
  • 54 Downloads / 246 Views

DOWNLOAD

REPORT


EWS

Current Status of Capillary Electrophoresis L. A. Kartsovaa, *, D. V. Makeevaa, and E. A. Bessonovaa aInstitute

of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]

Received March 18, 2020; revised April 24, 2020; accepted June 2, 2020

Abstract—Since its inception, the method of capillary electrophoresis has developed into a powerful analytical tool for the analysis of food and environmental samples, forensic and bioanalytical analysis. The review considers the main trends in the development of the electrophoretic method: the use of nanomaterials as a fundamentally new approach to the electrophoretic separation of analytes; search and implementation of effective options for on-line and in-line preconcentration; a combination of a capillary electrophoresis system with a mass spectrometric detector for targeted and nontargeted metabolic profiling. Keywords: capillary electrophoresis, CE–MS, on-line and in-line preconcentration, nanoparticles, chiral separation, ionic liquids, characteristic profiles DOI: 10.1134/S1061934820120084

Over the past 10 years, the method of capillary electrophoresis (CE) has undergone significant evolution [1]. The main trends in the further development of capillary electrophoresis are the use of nanomaterials as a fundamentally new approach to the electrophoretic separation of analytes, the development of on-line and in-line preconcentration, and thus solving the most important problems of metabolomics and proteomics. Many publications were devoted to a combination of a capillary electrophoresis system with mass spectrometric detection (CE–MS) with new technical solutions in the interface design [2]. In recent years, nanospray interfaces have become popular [1]. A common problem complicating the direct connection of a CE system with a mass spectrometric detector is the interfering effect of nonvolatile components of the background electrolyte (BE) on the electrospray ionization process. Various options have been proposed, including autonomous fractionation, alternative ionization, dilution, derivatization, etc. Systems of a two-dimensional version of capillary electrophoresis (HPLC–CE or 2D CE) seem promising for the implementation of these tasks [1]. Special attention is paid to double detection systems [3]. Another promising direction is the development of new stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography (CEC). One of the current trends is the use of biomaterials, in particular, bacteria, as stationary phases [4]. The fields of application of capillary electrophoresis have also been significantly expanded. Electrophoretic analysis of biological fluids, for example, breast milk, sweat, saliva, amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, etc., is widely accepted along with the analysis of urine, serum, and blood plasma, which is still gold

standards in clinical, toxicological, and forensic medical examination. Special attention is given to the electrophoretic determination of small ions and molecules in these biological samples,