Current status of radioligand therapy and positron-emission tomography with prostate-specific membrane antigen
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INVITED REVIEW ARTICLE
Current status of radioligand therapy and positron‑emission tomography with prostate‑specific membrane antigen Masayuki Inubushi1 · Hiroyuki Miura2 · Ichiei Kuji3 · Kimiteru Ito4 · Ryogo Minamimoto5 Received: 5 November 2020 / Accepted: 5 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed by prostate cancer cells. PSMA-based radioligand therapy (RLT) emerged as a promising therapeutic option for prostate cancer in the early 2000s, and has been clinically validated with great enthusiasm during these past two decades. Last year, the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) published the procedure guidelines for the safe clinical practice of Lutetium-177 (177Lu)labelled PSMA RLT. In addition, PSMA RLT with alpha-ray-emitting radioisotopes has been also developed recently. Following the clinical use of 177Lu-PSMA RLT, PSMA-targeted positron-emission tomography (PET) with Gallium-68 (68Ga) has been performed inevitably for “theranostics” for the last decade; prostate cancer is going to be treated with PSMA-RLT based on the diagnosis by PSMA-PET. Furthermore, the diagnostic usefulness of 68Ga-PSMA PET has been documented in various diseases beyond prostate cancer more recently. Regrettably, Japan is behind European countries and the United States in this field, and has just made a belated start of their clinical trials. In this review article, we briefly overviewed the current status of PSMA RLT and PSMA PET. We hope that this topic will be a particular focus of attention for most ANM readers in Japan, and that our efforts will help to facilitate the early approval of PSMA RLT and PSMA PET by the Japanese government even if only slightly. Keywords Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) · Radioligand therapy (RLT) · Positron-emission tomography (PET) · Theranostics · Radionuclides
Introduction
* Masayuki Inubushi [email protected]‑m.ac.jp 1
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701‑0192, Japan
2
Department of Radiology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu‑cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036‑8562, Japan
3
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397‑1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama 350‑1298, Japan
4
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5‑1‑1 Tsukiji, Chuo‑ku, Tokyo 104‑0045, Japan
5
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1‑21‑1, Toyama, Shinjyuku‑ku, Tokyo 162‑8655, Japan
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed by prostate cancer cells. PSMA-based radioligand therapy (RLT) emerged as a promising therapeutic option for prostate cancer in the early 2000s [1], and has been clinically validated with great enthusiasm during these past these two decades. Last year, the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) pu
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