Cyanobacterial bloom expansion caused by typhoon disturbance in Lake Taihu China
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CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS AND WATER ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION
Cyanobacterial bloom expansion caused by typhoon disturbance in Lake Taihu China Huaimin Chen 1 & Yuyang Zhu 2 & Yong Zhang 3 & Xuqing Chen 4 & Ruochen Wang 1 & Wei Zhu 1 Received: 19 August 2019 / Accepted: 13 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract It remains unclear why the area of a cyanobacterial bloom increases in a shallow lake after a typhoon passes. In this study, the mechanisms of cyanobacterial bloom expansion were investigated by studying meteorological factors, water quality, algal biomass, and bloom area in Lake Taihu before and after typhoons (2007–2016). Our results showed that typhoon-induced sediment resuspension caused a short-term increase in nutrients, but nutrients returned to pre-typhoon levels after the typhoon passages. The short-term nutrient release during a typhoon did not result in an obvious increase in Microcystis cell density in two bays of Lake Taihu (Gonghu and Meiliang). Under strong winds, Microcystis aggregates were uniformly distributed in the water column downwind and then dispersed into different directions by wind-driven currents. In particular, Microcystis in the surface water were transported to the center of Lake Taihu. After a typhoon, dispersed Microcystis refloated and formed blooms. Thus, the bloom area was enlarged compared with before a typhoon. Several days after a typhoon, the bloom area gradually reduced as a result of a steady breeze on the horizontal accumulation of Microcystis. Keywords Typhoon . Microcystis . Bloom area . Expansion . Nutrient . Hydrodynamics
Introduction Cyanobacterial blooms caused by eutrophication are one of the most serious global environmental and ecological problems (Paerl and Otten 2013; Xiao et al. 2018). With the increase in global warming, the frequency and intensity of typhoons have increased in recent years (Emanuel 2005; Webster et al. 2005). Studies have shown that typhoons often stimulate cyanobacterial bloom expansion in large lakes or oceans (McGillicuddy et al. 2007; Zhao et al. 2009). Thus, it
Responsible editor: Vitor Manuel Oliveira Vasconcelos * Wei Zhu [email protected] 1
College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, People’s Republic of China
2
School of Civil Engineering, Advanced Engineering Building, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
3
Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 100 Zhonghe Road, Nanjing 210019, People’s Republic of China
4
Wuxi Blue Algae Treatment Office, No. 288 Yunhe East Road, Wuxi 214071, People’s Republic of China
is interesting to study the effects of typhoons on the formation of blooms. Some satellite observation studies have found that chlorophyll-a concentrations in water surface of lakes and oceans significantly increased after the passage of a typhoon (Paerl et al. 2001; Reddy et al. 2008; Yang et al. 2016). Lin et al. (2003) reported that surface chlorophyll-a concentration increased 30-fold after the moderate typhoon
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