Dark malevolent traits and everyday perceived stress
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Dark malevolent traits and everyday perceived stress Petri J. Kajonius 1,2,3 & Therese Björkman 2
# The Author(s) 2018
Abstract Stress is a factor that greatly impacts our lives. Previous research has examined individual differences in relation to stress. However, research regarding malevolent personality traits in relation to how stress is perceived is limited. The purpose of the present study was to investigate relationships between dark malevolent personality traits; psychopathy (EPA), Machiavellianism (MACH-IV), vulnerable narcissism (HSNS), grandiose narcissism (NPI-13), and perceived stress (PSS-10) in a community sample (N = 346). The results showed a strong positive relationship between vulnerable narcissism and perceived stress, while grandiose narcissism and psychopathy showed a small negative relationship with perceived stress. The discussion centers on that narcissism should be treated as two separate traits, and that psychopathy and Machiavellianism overlap in relation to the experience of stress in everyday life. Keywords Dark triad . Stress . Personality
A Narcissist, a Psychopath and a Machiavellian Walk into a barThe bartender asks- Bwho has the darkest personality out of you three?’ The Narcissist says- ‘me’. The Psychopath says- ‘I don’t care’ and the Machiavellian says- ‘it’s whoever I want it to be’. Stress may be defined as the perception of being under everyday life pressures, and can be considered one of the greatest enemies of both individuals as well as organizations. Stress affects well-being, health, and ultimately performance (Cohen et al. 1993; Richardson et al. 2012). Personality psychology in particular takes interest in how stress is perceived differently by individuals. Much research focuses on traits, and particularly the Five-Factor Model (FFM; extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness; Costa and McCrae 1985). Other traits, such as dark malevolent traits, have
still only began to be explored (see). The most popular conceptualization of malevolent traits in the last few years has been the Dark Triad, which is constituted by subclinical psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and subclinical narcissism (Jones and Paulhus 2011). The term subclinical indicates that these traits exist in the regular population. By studying personality traits we can gain better understanding of personal motivational drives (See Jonason and Jackson 2016), and how individuals perceive their everyday pressures in everyday life (i.e., the current study’s definition of stress). Malevolent traits such as the Dark Triad are known for antagonism in social situations, which could both increase or decrease perceived stress (Miller et al. 2016). Much research has linked the Dark Triad to other traits, such as Neuroticism (i.e., low anxiety), which should imply a lesser susceptibility to overall stress (Klimstra et al. 2014; Miller et al. 2016). However, arguably, a trait such as Neuroticism may differ somewhat from descriptions of everyday-stress, which may be more value-infused. The pr
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