Data Transmission Performance of Few-Layer Graphene Ribbons
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Data Transmission Performance of Few-Layer Graphene Ribbons Ali Bilge Guvenc1, Jian Lin2, Miroslav Penchev1, Cengiz Ozkan2, 3, Mihrimah Ozkan1 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A. 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A. 3 Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A. ABSTRACT We investigated the electrical characteristics and digital data transmission performance few-layer graphene ribbons grown by chemical vapor deposition. Graphene ribbons having a mobility of 2,180 cm2V-1s-1 can sustain data rates up to 50 megabits per second at 1.5 ȝm length, thus the bandwidth is inversely proportional to resistance caused by defects in the graphene layers. Improving the graphene mobility to highest measured values (~200,000 cm2V-1s-1) and using structures with multiple coplanar transmission lines in parallel could carry the bandwidth beyond the gigabits per second level. INTRODUCTION As the length scale of devices become smaller,1 the dimensions of integrated circuits (IC) steadily decrease. Using metal interconnects between the devices leads to performance limitations because their electrical properties and mechanical stability reach their theoretical limits2 beyond the 130 nm technology node. One promising candidate which has been proposed to out-perform copper (Cu) is the graphene ribbons3 (GRs) which can be applied with the current technology without changing the top-down fabrication methods. Graphene is a single atomic layer of sp2-bonded carbon atoms packed into a honeycomb lattice. Since its first discovery in 2004,4 it has drawn great attention due to its remarkable properties such as linear energy dispersion relation5 and ultrahigh charge carrier mobility at room temperature (~200,000 cm2 Ví1sí1).6 Previous studies on the performance of graphene ribbons have mostly focused on the electrical and thermal properties of the material. In this work, we report on the basic electrical transport characterization, high-speed digital data transmission performance measurements and the analysis of GRs by using the eye diagram7 of the transmission line. This method allows the determination of the performance parameters of the line including the bit error rate (BER), the quality (Q) factor8, signal attenuation and maximum bandwidth9. EXPERIMENT The devices used in this work were fabricated from large area few-layer graphene sheets grown by chemical vapor deposition and patterning the sheets in the form of stripes via lithographic patterning (Figure 1a and 1b). Large area graphene sheets were grown on thin Ni catalyst films using highly diluted methane (Ar:H2:CH4=600:500:30 standard cubic centimeter per minute (sccm)) at 900 °C under ambient pressure conditions. The 300 nm thick Ni films were deposited on Si/SiO2 substrates using electron beam evaporation, followed by heating at 1,000 °C under Ar/H2 (600:500 sccm) atmosphere in ambient pressure f
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