Defective molybdenum oxide function as saturable absorber for nanosecond pulse generater servicing Nd 3+ , Er 3+ , Tm 3+
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Defective molybdenum oxide function as saturable absorber for nanosecond pulse generater servicing Nd3+, Er3+, Tm3+ doped laser emission at 1.06, 1.64 and 1.94 μm Xiaotao Yang1 · Lei Feng1 · Tianwen Gao2 · Ao Guo2 · Shaotian Chen2 · Rui Zhang3 · Zechang Shi3 · Chenjie Gu3 Received: 12 June 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A defective molybdenum oxide (MoO3−x) prepared by a hydrothermal and defect engineering approach was spin-coated on the quartz glass and implemented as saturable absorber (SA). The experiment evidenced that M oO3−x based SA can function as an efficient nanosecond pulse generator, servicing Nd3+, Er3+, Tm3+ doped lasers emission at 1.06 1.64 and 1.94 µm. And the shortest pulse duration of 396 ns, 275 ns, and 1.4 μs was achieved on this wavelength with the corresponding maximum peak power of 14.37 W, 33.76 W and 7.94 W. In our study were also observed the optical modulation characteristics as well as the output performance of the passive Q-switch lasers modulated by MoO3−x SA, which indicates that the modulation depths are 6.5%, 7.6% and 5.8%, respectively, while the average output powers 0.79 W, 1.13 W and 1.6 W. The results confirm that the few-layered M oO3−x nanosheets can be a promising candidate for pulse laser generation in wide spectral bands, and they exhibit a great stability in an atmospheric environment and high laser damage threshold, which are beneficial to realizing high power laser output.
1 Introduction Nanosecond pulse lasers have successful applications in the laser fabrication, optical communication and clinical surgery, owing to their high peak power and ultrashort time duration [1–4]. Q-switch, a principal method of realizing nanosecond pulse laser operation, can be categorized into active Q-switch (AQ) and passive Q-switch (PQ) [5–7]. Due to its remarkable merits of low cost, compact size and low optical loss, PQ laser generated by a saturable absorber (SA) has aroused widespread interest [8, 9]. In recent years, two-dimensional materials have exhibited their important properties in nanosecond pulse laser * Xiaotao Yang [email protected] Chenjie Gu [email protected] 1
College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
2
College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
3
Institute of Photonics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
generation as SA, attributed to their dramatic optical and physical characteristics such as ultrafast recovery time, tunable energy gap, nonlinear absorption and magnetoelectric and ferroelectric properties [10–15]. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as a typical one of these materials, have been extensively studied in various optical applications. TMD bulk material is characterized with a layered structure, and each single layer is constructed by the transition metal atoms (Mo, In, Cu or W) sandwiched between the chalcogenid
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