Deformation Behavior Estimation of Aluminum Foam by X-ray CT Image-based Finite Element Analysis
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METAL foams are lightweight materials with excellent impact-energy-absorbing properties, and their use in automobile components is expected to improve fuel consumption and safety. So far, a variety of methods has been proposed for the preparation of metal foams, and the compressive properties and impact-energyabsorbing properties of metal foams have been examined in many studies.[1–6] The compressive properties are thought to be greatly affected by the internal pore structure, but the current understanding of the relation between compressive properties and internal pore structure is limited to discussion based on scant information about the porosity (density) and externally observed changes in the pore structure during compressive deformation.[6–11] It is hoped that a more detailed consideration of information pertaining to the internal pore structure will reveal its effect on the compressive properties of foams and thus enable the production of YOSHIHIKO HANGAI, Associate Professor, RYO YAMAGUCHI and SHUNYA TAKAHASHI, Graduate Students, are with the Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryuu 376-8515, Japan. Contact e-mail: [email protected] TAKAO UTSUNOMIYA, Professor, Research Organization for Advanced Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan. OSAMU KUWAZURU, Associate Professor, Department of Nuclear Power and Energy Safety Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan. NOBUHIRO YOSHIKAWA, Professor, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan. Manuscript submitted May 2, 2012. Article published online November 13, 2012 1880—VOLUME 44A, APRIL 2013
metal foams with superior compressive properties as well as the prediction of their properties. Image-based modeling is a technique that is capable of building analytic models that closely reflect information about a material’s three-dimensional (3D) shape. Modeling methods include serial sectioning and X-ray computed tomography (CT), which have been applied to numerous materials such as porous ceramics,[12] skeletal structures,[13,14] and pore defects in aluminum alloy die castings.[15,16] Such techniques are also being applied to metal foams. For example, analyses using image-based finite element (FE) analysis have been used to model the actual 3D pore structure of metal foams to predict their stress– strain curves.[17–20] Moreover, studies have elucidated how micropores in cell walls affect the stress distribution in the walls.[21] However, because the morphological information used in these analyses was obtained using serial sectioning and synchrotron radiation X-ray micro tomography over a limited region of observation, almost all of these analyses focused on test specimens with relatively few macro size pores, and the effect of the interaction between pores has therefore not been considered. Moreover, almost no research is currently being conducted on the behavior of successive layer deforma
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