Experimental and Numerical Study of Compressive Deformation Behavior of Closed-Cell Aluminum Foam
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EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF COMPRESSIVE DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF CLOSED-CELL ALUMINUM FOAM K. S. Verma,a,b,1 D. Muchhala,a,b S. Panthi,a,b and D. P. Mondal
UDC 539.4
a,b
In the present study, closed-cell aluminum foams of varying porosities (65–75%) were produced through the stir casting technique using TiH2 (1 wt.%) as a foaming agent. Under the uniaxial compressive loading, the compressive stress-strain responses of these foams were examined. The finite element (FE) models of the foam were elaborated using the ABAQUS FE simulation software and realized via the ABAQUS Explicit solver. Within the test domain, the experimental results were compared with the FE-predicted ones for the same porosities and both yielded similar stress-strain responses. The energy absorption capacity, yield stress, and densification strain values of AFs obtained through FE simulation were in good agreement with the experimental results, while the predicted plateau stress values differed from the latter by no more than 4–5%. Keywords: aluminum foam, FEM, plateau stress, energy absorption, empirical relation. Introduction. Aluminum foams (AF) are the cellular materials, which have a wide range of applications depending on their cell morphology. On the basis of their cell morphology, AFs are mainly two types, i.e., closed cell or open cell. In the case of closed-cell AFs, cells are sealed by a closed by boundary, whereas in the case of open-cell AFs, cells are interconnected two each other via cell edges.Aluminum foams are generally made by liquid metallurgical route due to low melting temperatures [1, 2]. Generally, closed-cell AFs used in structural and impact energy absorption or shock mitigation applications [3, 4]. Day by day, the demand for AFs is increasing in the defense and automobile industries due to its good combination of physical and mechanical properties [5]. From the previously reported works, it was found that many researchers are trying to simulate the deformation behavior of the foam by using FEM and obtain satisfactory results [6–8]. The effect of relative densities on the plateaus stress was investigated by many researchers [9, 10]. However, the effect of porosity of the foam on the deformation behavior is not more investigated and it is a subject of study in more detail and in an accurate way. Some of the researchers have investigated the compressive behavior of closed-cell foam [11–13]. The dynamic properties of closed-cell AFs were investigated previously by Liu et al. [14]. Different investigations have been done to study the mechanical behavior of structures made of Aluminum foam under quasi-static and impact loading [15, 16]. Nowadays, FEM is an important tool for the prediction of the deformation behavior of the metal foam. In the present study, different FE models of foams are prepared that has various porosity. AFs were synthesized by the alporous method, in which a foaming agent is used for the creation of pores. The mechanical properties of AFs such as plateau stress, yield stress, energy absorption,
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