Degradation of different pesticides in water by microplasma: the roles of individual radicals and degradation pathways
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Degradation of different pesticides in water by microplasma: the roles of individual radicals and degradation pathways Muhammad Saiful Islam Khan 1 & Na Ri Lee 1 & Jaehwan Ahn 1 & Ji Young Kim 1 & Jong Hoon Kim 1 & Ki Hyun Kwon 1 & Yun-Ji Kim 1,2 Received: 8 June 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Pesticides are emergent toxins often identified in aquatic environments. In the present study, microplasma was employed to reduce the pesticide content in water. The degradation efficacy, rate, and pathways of standard organophosphorus pesticides (namely, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos oxone, and diazinone) and an organochlorine pesticide (namely, DDT solution) were evaluated using microplasma. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to elucidate the degradation efficiency of pesticides as a function of plasma-produced substances that originally contributed to the main reduction procedure. Microplasma produces several types of radicals or reactive substances, for instance dissolved ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides, hydroxyl radicals (OH radicals), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The removal potential differs due to the existence or absence of varieties of plasma-produced substances. The functions of major plasma-produced species on pesticide removal were determined by a passive technique. Nitrogen oxides showed a key role in organophosphorus pesticide removal, whereas dissolved ozone and OH radicals played major roles in DDT degradation. HPLC data showed that plasma-induced pesticide removal showed first-order reaction kinetics. The pesticide removal pathways through microplasma were validated by investigating the achieved data from LC-MS and GC-MS. Keywords Microplasma . Pesticide degradation . OH radical . Nitrogen oxides . Ozone . Chlorpyrifos
Introduction Since the last century, substantial population growth and the continuous increase in living standards have encouraged the large-scale manufacture of medicines, chemicals, dyes, pigments, organic pesticides, and other synthetic ingredients. Hence, the amount of these artificial ingredients has gradually increased in aquatic environments since 1970 (Eggen et al. 2014). Out of the various kinds of organic pollutants detected in aquatic environments, the amount of pesticides and their derivatives is considerable. Pesticides are a kind of chemical substances that have been generally used to safeguard produces Responsible editor: Vítor Pais Vilar * Yun-Ji Kim [email protected] 1
Food Safety and Hygiene Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
from microbial, fungal, or pest attacks. The use of pesticides has certainly helped to raise agronomic growth and yield. These pesticide residues move into water in various pathways and contaminate surface water (Kock-Schulmeyer et al. 2013). The obtained data from
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