Microbe-Induced Degradation of Pesticides
This book focuses on the microbial degradation of endosulfan, lindane, chlorophenols, organochlorine, aldrin, dieldrin, isoproturon and atrazine, etc. which are commonly used in crop fields to kill the pests. Further, it illustrates the role of degradativ
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Shree Nath Singh Editor
MicrobeInduced Degradation of Pesticides
Environmental Science and Engineering Environmental Science
Series editors Ulrich Förstner, Hamburg, Germany Wim H. Rulkens, Wageningen, The Netherlands Wim Salomons, Haren, The Netherlands
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/3234
Shree Nath Singh Editor
Microbe-Induced Degradation of Pesticides
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Editor Shree Nath Singh CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
ISSN 1863-5520 ISSN 1863-5539 (electronic) Environmental Science and Engineering ISSN 1431-6250 Environmental Science ISBN 978-3-319-45155-8 ISBN 978-3-319-45156-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45156-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016948230 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To parents in heavenly abode
Preface
Pesticides are usually referred as a broad range of insecticides, fungicides and herbicides. Presently, there are 900 pesticide products and 600 active pesticide ingredients available in the market. Although millions of tonnes of pesticides are applied in the agriculture and horticulture, less than 5 % of pesticides only reach to the targeted organisms and rest gets deposited on the soil and non-targeted organisms and also moves to water bodies and the atmosphere. The fate of these pesticides is governed by the abiotic factors (temperature, moisture, soil, pH, etc.) as well as biological and chemical reactors. Abiotic degradation of pesticides is mediated by oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis and photolysis and rearrangement, while biotic degradation is caused by both microbial communities (bacteria, fungi, etc.) and plant species. In view of the above facts, the editor has compil
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