Microbial degradation of organophosphorus pesticides using whole cells and enzyme extracts
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Microbial degradation of organophosphorus pesticides using whole cells and enzyme extracts J. Y. Santillan . A. Muzlera . M. Molina . E. S. Lewkowicz . A. M. Iribarren
Received: 10 February 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The use of microbial phosphotriesterases in the degradation of organophosphorus compounds employed as pesticides, plasticizers and petroleum additives is a sustainable alternative for bioremediation of water and soils, decontamination of particular foods and as poisoning antidote. Whole cells of six wild type microorganisms—Streptomyces phaeochromogenes, Streptomyces setonii, Nocardia corynebacterioides, Nocardia asteroides and two Arthrobacter oxydans—selected in our lab as phosphotriesterase
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-020-09918-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. Y. Santillan A. Muzlera M. Molina E. S. Lewkowicz A. M. Iribarren Laboratorio de Biocata´lisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Roque Sa´enz Pen˜a 352, Bernal 1876, Buenos Aires, Argentina A. Muzlera Laboratorio de Fisiologı´a y Gene´tica de bacterias beneficiosas para plantas, Centro de bioquı´mica y microbiologı´a de suelos, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina A. M. Iribarren (&) Laboratorio de Biocata´lisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologı´a, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, R.S. Pen˜a 352. Bernal (1876), Buenos Aires, Argentina e-mail: [email protected]
sources, were further tested as biocatalysts in the hydrolysis of paraoxon, methyl paraoxon, methyl parathion, coroxon, coumaphos, dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos, highlighting 98% conversion of chlorpyrifos into its hydrolysis products using whole cells of S. phaeochromogenes at pH 8 and 40 °C. Immobilized whole cells and enzyme extracts were also assessed, observing as a general trend, that there is no significant variation in hydrolytic activity between them. These results suggest that according to the circumstances, immobilized whole cells (avoiding cellular disruption and centrifugation) or enzyme extracts (which can be handled more easily) could be used. Keywords Phosphotriesterases Organophosphorus compounds Biodegradation Pesticides Bacteria Bioremediation
Introduction Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) have been synthetized as chemical warfare agents during World War II and then began to be used as pesticides, plasticizers and petroleum additives (Singh 2009). Their excessive use in agriculture and homes produces environmental pollution as well as high toxicity in mammals (Kim et al. 2014). OPs prevent the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to choline by acting as irreversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase.
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Biodegradation
Consequently, acetylcholine is accumulated in the body causing an overstimula
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