Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones using Integrated Approach in Semi-Arid Hard Rock Terrain, Kanavi Halla Sub-Ba
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Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones using Integrated Approach in Semi-Arid Hard Rock Terrain, Kanavi Halla Sub- Basin, Belagavi District, Karnataka Venkanagouda, B.B. Patil1,2*, Lokesh, K.N.1, Krishnamurthy, M.P.3, H.V. Nadagoudar2 1
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathkal, Srinivasnagar Post – 575 025, India Department of Mines and Geology Deputy Director office, Belagavi - 590 010, India 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Rajeev Gandhi Memorial College of Engineering and Technology, Nandyal – 518 502, India E-mail: [email protected]*; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
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ABSTRACT Water scarcity has become a major problem especially in arid and semi-arid regions due to insufficient rainfall throughout the globe. This has led in serious search for groundwater resources. Kanavi Halla Sub Basin (KHSB) of Ghataprabha River basin drained by Ghataprabha River, Belagavi District of Karnataka state in India has been considered for present study. Electrical resistivity survey was carried out at selected sites using Schlumberger method with four electrode configuration. A total of 22 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were conducted throughout KHSB and representative of different litho units were considered. Data obtained were then interpreted using curve matching technique with IPI2Win software. The interpreted graphs show three to six layers. The various interpreted curve types are of AAK-type, HA-type, A- type, KH-type, HAA-type, KQH-type, AK-type, K-type, HQH-type, H-type and AKQH-type. From the results it shows that the maximum number of curves are associated with A type which refers to hard rock terrain, whereas curve associated with H type indicates water potential site. The expected subsurface strata are interpreted on the basis of observed bore well drilling data. Borewell log reveals soil formation followed by moderately weathered formation, weathered jointed formation, jointed formation, hard formation from top to bottom. Further deep, the formation is devoid of joints and fractures. Therefore, the weathered, jointed formation may be interpreted as water bearing zone. 2-D geo-electric section has been drawn using IPI2WIN over eight selected trends to understand the geometry of the aquifer formed. The investigation was meant to characterize the aquifer in KHSB along with the risk assessment for contaminants through seepage in terms of protective capacity with the help of Dar-Zarrouk (D-Z) parameters such as longitudinal ρl), transverse unit unit conductance (S), longitudinal resitivity (ρ ρt), Electrical anisotropy(λ λ) resistance (T), transverse resistivity (ρ ρm). These were evaluated to and root mean square resistivity (ρ know the aquifer conditions in order to demarcate the freshwater bearing zones. South eastern part of KHSB might be contaminated and 30% of the area is weak to poor capacity protective zone for contaminants. The work adequately highlights the practical use of geophysical techniques, combinatio
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