Geospatial applications in delineating groundwater prospect zones in a hard rock terrain: an integrated approach
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Geospatial applications in delineating groundwater prospect zones in a hard rock terrain: an integrated approach Gregory Udie Sikakwe1 Received: 22 June 2019 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study involved the application of geospatial techniques to delineate groundwater potential zones in a hard rock terrain of Oban Massif and environs. This goal was achieved using satellite remote sensing imagery and geographic information system techniques. The method mapped groundwater-controlling factors such as geology, geomorphology, lineament density, slope, land use and land cover and drainage density. The study covered a total area of 677,298 km2. Landsat ETM+ imagery, Shuttle Radar Transmission Mission (SRTM), topographic and geological maps and ASTER DEM were used in the analysis. Software used for image processing, digitizing and lineament density computation are ArcGIS10.1, ENVI 4.2 and PCI Geomatica, respectively. Supervised classification method was applied in land use and land cover mapping. Analysis of satellite imagery shows that band 4 was the best for showing textural features for lineament extraction. The method of multi-criteria evaluation by assigning relative weights to each groundwater-controlling factor was used to produce their corresponding thematic maps. The thematic maps were produced by weighted linear combination; each class individual weight was multiplied by the map scores and then adding the results. Overlay analysis of the thematic maps produced the groundwater potential map. Results show four groundwater prospect zones classified into very good (38,365 k m2), moderately good (230,999 km2), fair (381,865 k m2) and poor (26,068 k m2). From this study, it is evident that lineament mapping is not the overriding factor in groundwater occurrence; other groundwater controlling factors are necessary for a more credible groundwater potential modeling. Lineament, slope, geology and geomorphology are the most influential groundwater controlling factors in the study. Comparison of the results of this study with the collected sample data shows reasonable accuracy. These findings are useful for borehole siting and environmental management strategies for groundwater potential investigation in both Nigeria and other parts of world. Keywords Geospatial techniques · Groundwater-controlling factors · Groundwater prospect zones · Landsat ETM+ · Thematic maps
Introduction Water is a vital natural resource exploited and managed by humanity from creation for the sustenance of life. However, only a small percentage of the world’s total water supply is available for consumption as fresh water. Groundwater provides more than half of available fresh water for everyday use such as drinking, cooking and hygiene. Water is also * Gregory Udie Sikakwe [email protected] 1
Department of Physics/Geology/Applied Geophysics, Faculty of Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu‑Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki P. M. B. 1010, Abakaliki
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