Fuzzy logic techniques and GIS-based delineation of groundwater potential zones: a case study of Anger river basin, Ethi
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Fuzzy logic techniques and GIS‑based delineation of groundwater potential zones: a case study of Anger river basin, Ethiopia Asirat Teshome1 · Afera Halefom1 · Imran Ahmad1 · Menberu Teshome2 Received: 19 February 2020 / Accepted: 12 March 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract As the demand for drinking water worldwide increases for human consumption, agriculture and industrial uses, the need to assess the potential of groundwater and aquifer productivity also increases. Access to water supply in Ethiopia is among the lowest in the world. In some regions of Ethiopia, people make three–five round trips to get dirty water from the river per day. Each roundtrip takes 2–3 h and water is carried in around “50-lb jerrycans” according to an article by Tina Rosenberg for National Geographic. Therefore, delineation of groundwater potential in Ethiopia is a need of an hour. The objective of this study is to develop a spatial model using a fuzzy logic approach integrated with geographic information system (GIS) domain to demarcate the groundwater potential zones (GPZ) of Anger river basin Ethiopia. Nine thematic layers such as geology, slope gradient, drainage density, Roughness, profile curvature, plan curvature, wetness index, soil texture, soil type, and land use were prepared, analyzed and studied for GPZ delineation. The groundwater potential zone map thus obtained was categorized into five classes: very good, good, moderate, low and very low. The study reveals that about 28.44% of the Anger river basin is covered under very good GPZ. Very poor, poor, moderate and good GPZ are observed in 8.06%, 15.47%, 21.36%, and 26.67%, respectively. The area under very poor and poor potential zones is recorded only in very limited areas in the basin. This study proved the efficiency of the fuzzy logic approach coupled with GIS an efficient model for demarcation of GPZ and can be applied at a continental scale. Keywords Fuzzy logic · GIS · Anger river basin · GPZ
Introduction There would be serious crises of freshwater in the world by 2025 (Danilenko et al. 2010). Among the various water resources, groundwater is one of the most important freshwater resources located in the underground geological formations (Fitts 2002). Both natural and anthropogenic factors determine the spatial distribution and presence of groundwater (Banks et al. 2002; Greenbaum 1992; Lee et al. 2012; Oh et al. 2011). In developing countries like Ethiopia, the population explosion and socio-economic factors lead to an increase in the demand for freshwater. Ethiopia is called the water tower of East Africa. However, due to * Asirat Teshome [email protected] 1
Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
2
significantly large temporal and spatial variations in rainfall in East Africa, especially in Ethiopia due to complex aquifers, water is often not available when
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