Demonstration of Microstrip Sensor for the Feasibility Study of Non-invasive Blood-Glucose Sensing
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Demonstration of Microstrip Sensor for the Feasibility Study of Noninvasive Blood-Glucose Sensing Satish1*, K. Sen2 and S. Anand3 1
LF, HF Impedance and DC Metrology, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
2
Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India 3
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India Received: 17 March 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 Metrology Society of India 2020
Abstract: The present research work is the part of the feasibility study to implement non-invasive blood-glucose sensing using microwave-based sensor. The one-port microstrip patch antenna sensor developed to exhibit variation in its electromagnetic response with respect to blood-glucose level. It has been demonstrated through in vitro controlled experiment under laboratory conditions. The novel multi-parameter-based sensitivity factor termed as GlucoSense was also defined to evaluate the sensitivity of sensor towards the change in glucose concentration. It was established that there was a good correlation between sensor’s reflection properties and glucose concentration. The findings of the controlled experiment convincingly proved that the sensor has the potential to be effectively used for developing a suitable device for noninvasive blood-glucose sensing. Keywords: Diabetes; Non-invasive blood glucose measurement; Microwave sensor; Electromagnetic properties; Sensitivity factor 1. Introduction Diabetes is a serious hazard to worldwide health that compliments neither socio-economic status nor national borders. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas [1], in India, in 2019 the population of adults (20–79 years) was 859 million. Out of this, 77 million people were suffering from diabetes. That implies, 1 in every 11 adults has diabetes. The figure of 77 million will increase to 101 million in 2030 and to 134 million in 2045. In 2019, there were 1,010,262 cases of death due to diabetes in India, which is a matter of a serious concern. Due to the large number of people suffering from diabetes, there is an undesirable affect on the economic status of the country. In 2019, in India the total diabetes-related expenditure was 7 billion USD. Diabetes occurs when the blood-glucose level does not confine to the standard physiological limits. Effective diabetes management includes examination of blood-glucose level on a regular basis. In spite of great efforts to bring non-invasive device
*Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected]
into the commercial market, people with diabetes are enforced to use lancet-based invasive device for the bloodglucose sensing [2–7]. This opens up the path towards the further research in the non-invasive field. The present research work is the part of the feasibility study to implement non-invasive blood-glucose sensing using microwave-based sensor. This manuscript presents the demonstration of a sensor through in vitro controlled experiment in dif
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