Feasibility study of doped SnO 2 nanomaterial for electronic nose towards sensing biomarkers of lung cancer
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Feasibility study of doped SnO2 nanomaterial for electronic nose towards sensing biomarkers of lung cancer Zeenat Khatoon1 · H. Fouad2,3 · H. K. Seo4 · Mohamed Hashem5 · Z. A. Ansari1 · S. G. Ansari1 Received: 22 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study electrochemical sensors, based on undoped and doped (Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn) SnO2 as a sensing electrode material, were fabricated and used to detect acetone (10–600 ppb) and toluene (1–40 ppb). The sol–gel synthesized nanomaterial was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Contact angle (CA). Electrochemical sensing characteristics were determined from the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic analysis (EIS). The electrochemical results reveal that the sensors’ response to acetone was highest with copper doping whereas in case of toluene sensing zinc dopants showed highest sensitivity. This work demonstrated that acetone and toluene sensing is selective with copper and zinc doping and these doped S nO2 nanomaterials can be used for the formation of array/ electronic nose and help in simultaneous detection of acetone and toluene both.
1 Introduction Recently, sensors are widely used in chemical, biological, and medical applications [1, 2] towards automation or human comfort. Synthesis of different materials, electrodes, or membranes for use in different medium and conditions of sensors are required in chemical detections, as sensor performance depends on the material matrix [3]. Therefore, there are different methods for synthesis of the required materials [4, 5]. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are nothing * H. Fouad [email protected] * S. G. Ansari [email protected] 1
Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
2
Applied Medical Science Dept. Community College, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
3
Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan 11792, Egypt
4
School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
5
Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
but an organic chemical. It was clear in 1970s that more than 200 VOCs are present in the human breath in a definite range as reported by Pauling et al. [6]. These VOC concentration changes according to the pathological condition of the body, giving an indication of health condition. This has increased the interest of the scientists to use these VOCs as biomarker for the early detection of many diseases, owing to physiological condition of human body. Many alkanes and monomethylated alkanes were identified in the breath of a lung cancer patient in 1985, reported by Gordon e
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