Density of Liquid Fe-Mn-C Alloys
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½wt pct Mn þ ½wt pct Fe
DOI: 10.1007/s11663-011-9555-9 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2011
dependence of liquid Fe-Mn alloys at 1823 K (1550 C) can be described by Eq. [1]. qFeMn g=cm3 ¼ 7:10 2:2 102 ½wt pct Mn þ 6:0 105 ½wt pct Mn2
High Mn alloys generally contain Al, Si, and C. Therefore, the density data for Fe-Mn-X (X = Al, Si, C) are required for process optimization. In this study, the effect of carbon addition on the density of liquid Mn-Al alloys was examined at temperatures ranging from 1687 K to 1834 K (1414 C to 1561 C) with the advanced sessile drop method. Experimental details were described in our previous study.[1] We examined two different carbon alloys by fixing the weight fractions of Mn (WFM = [wt pct Mn]/{[wt pct Mn] + [wt pct Fe]} = 0.05 and 0.10). There is no theoretical model to describe the density of the alloys containing interstitial elements such as carbon.[3] Therefore, the density of Fe-Mn-C alloys was determined by the regression method. Figure 2 shows the temperature dependence of the density of the Fe-Mn-C alloys for WFM = 0.05, in comparison with the density of Fe-Mn alloys. The present measurements were carried out for a wider temperature range than the previous ones, and they showed similar linear temperature dependences. Figure 3 shows the temperature dependence of the density of the Fe-Mn-C alloys for WFM = 0.10. The experimental results also showed linear temperature dependences. In this study, 1823 K (1550 C) was taken as a reference temperature. Therefore, the density of each Fe-Mn-C alloy can be described by Eq. [2]: qFeMnC g=cm3 ¼ qFeMnC þ K ðT 1823Þ
Recently, much attention has been paid to high manganese steels (HMnS) that exhibit an excellent combination of strength and ductility as a result of the competition between different plasticity mechanisms. However, in terms of processing, the problems of refining and casting encountered in many new HMnS have limited the commercialization of such alloys. To optimize the refining and casting process, the thermophysical properties of liquid alloy are essential. However, unlike conventional alloys, only limited information is available for HMnS. Density is very fundamental information for controlling the refining and casting processes. Recently, we measured the density of liquid Fe-Mn alloys by using the advanced sessile drop method.[1] The density data in our previous study showed reasonable accordance with the data of Popel et al.[2] (Figure 1). The concentration
LE THU HOAI, Graduate Student, and JOONHO LEE, Associate Professor, are with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted May 10, 2011. Article published online July 28, 2011. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
½1
½2
where qFeMnC is the density of the Fe-Mn-C alloy at 1823 K (1550 C), T the temperature (K), and L the temperature coefficient (g/cm3 K). Figure 4 shows the carbon conc
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