The density and viscosity of liquid antimony
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O R s e v e r a l y e a r s a n e x t e n s i v e r e s e a r c h p r o g r a m into s o m e f u n d a m e n t a l p h y s i c a l p r o p e r t i e s of liquid m e t a l s has b e e n c a r r i e d out at the P h y s i c a l M e t a l l u r g y D i v i sion, M i n e s B r a n c h , D e p a r t m e n t of Energy., M i n e s and R e s o u r c e s , Ottawa. T h i s p a p e r on a n t i m o n y r e p r e s e n t s the l a s t p a r t of the d e n s i t y and v i s c o s i t y s e c t i o n s of that p r o g r a m . D u r i n g s e v e r a l d e c a d e s it was b e l i e v e d that a n t i m o n y , like b i s m u t h , c o n t r a c t e d on m e l t i n g although not to the s a m e d e g r e e . T h i s b e l i e f s t e m m e d f r o m e a r l y work by M a t u y a m a x which has s i n c e been disputed by K l e m m e t a l . z and Cahill and K i r s h e n b a u m3'4 in quite conv i n c i n g work. The l a t t e r a u t h o r s r e p o r t e d a s m a l l exp a n s i o n on m e l t i n g of 0.79 pct. The v i s c o s i t y of a n t i m o n y h a s been m e a s u r e d b e fore 5-7 although only one set of data 7 has b e e n p r o duced by a t r u l y a b s o l u t e t e c h n i q u e . B e c a u s e of the r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l amount of p r e v i o u s work, and the d i s p a r i t ~ of r e s u l t s , c o n f i r m a t o r y m e a s u r e m e n t s w e r e made by the highly a c c u r a t e t e c h n i q u e s developed by the M i n e s B r a n c h liquid m e t a l s p r o g r a m .
M a c h i n i n g the ingots p r e s e n t e d s p e c i a l p r o b l e m s b e c u a s e the b r i t t l e n a t u r e of the m a t e r i a l m i l i t a t e s a g a i n s t p r o d u c i n g unchipped c h a r g e s of the r e q u i r e d d i m e n s i o n s to c r e a t e an e x c e s s m e t a l overflow on m e l t i n g . By t r i a l and e r r o r , the o p t i m u m conditions of lathe t u r n i n g speed, tooi g e o m e t r y , and depth of cut w e r e obtained. RESULTS Density The r e s u l t s a r e listed in T a b l e I and have b e e n plotted i n F i g . 1. C l e a r l y , d e n s i t y v a r i e s l i n e a r l y with t e m p e r a t u r e . A f i r s t - o r d e r r e g r e s s i o n a n a l y s i s was p e r f o r m e d on the data to y i e l d the equation p = 6.902 - 6.486 x 10 "~ t where t i s in ~ F r o m a c o n s i d e r a t i o n of s y s t e m a t i c e r r o r s 8 and r a n d o m e r r o r s as depicted by d e v i a t i o n s from l i n e a r i t y , the method i s c o n s i d e r e d a c c u r a t e within 0.05 pct.
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD Viscosity
Density Using techniques previously described, 8 densities w e r e m e a s u r e d f r o m the m e l t i n g point up to 746~ with a n a c c u r a t e l y m a c h i n e d g r a p h i t e p y c n o m e t e r . To s u p p r e s s the e v a p o r a t i o n l o s s e s of a n t i m o n y , the d e n s i t o m e t e r was held u n d e r an a t m o s p h e r e of a r g o n as d e s c r i b e d in e a r l i e r work on c a d m i u m . 9
The data l i s t e d in Tabl
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