Design analysis of Bloch surface wave based sensor for haemoglobin concentration measurement
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Design analysis of Bloch surface wave based sensor for haemoglobin concentration measurement Amit Kumar Goyal1 · Suchandan Pal2,3 Received: 30 March 2020 / Accepted: 25 April 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract In this paper, a Bloch Surface Waves (BSW) based sensor is proposed to estimate the haemoglobin concentration in human blood. The behaviour of the sensor is analysed using a transfer matrix method. The proposed structure is designed considering one-dimensional photonic crystal, where a defective top layer is deliberately introduced to confine a surface plasmon-like mode called Bloch mode at the top interface. The effective refractive index of top interface changes along with haemoglobin concentration. Thereby, monitoring the angel of incidence to confine BSW mode can helps in determining the haemoglobin concentration. The sensing capability, FWHM and figure-of-merit of the proposed structure are improved by optimizing the defect layer thicknesses, incident angels and wavelengths. Proposed structure shows an average FWHM and average sensitivity of around 0.00508 and 0.0133°/(g/L) respectively. Keywords Bloch surface wave · Haemoglobin senor · Optical sensor · Photonic crystal
Introduction The detection of biomarker with very low concentration is the critical requirement towards early detection of diseases. This requires continuous efforts to develop highly sensitive techniques. Optical sensors are considered to be important devices for bio-sensing applications because of their inherent advantages, such as immune to electromagnetic interference, real-time and label-free detection, and rapid response time (Seitz 1984; Choi et al. 2010). This also possesses the possibility to monitor the signal far from sensing the location. The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) (Ciminelli et al. 2013; Homola et al. 1999) and Interferometer (Karlsson and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01437-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Amit Kumar Goyal [email protected] 1
ECE Department, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida‑62, Uttar Pradesh 201309, India
2
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Campus, Pilani 333031, India
3
Optoelectronics and MOEMs Group, CSIR-CEERI, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
Stahleberg 1995; Saleh and Teich 2007) are considered to be the effective methods among other reported label-free optical approaches. Whereas, photonic crystal (PhC) technique can further be applied for miniaturization and improved performance of label-free bio-sensors (Bornhop 1995; Yablonovitch 1987). PhCs have also been widely accepted for label-free optical bio-sensing platform. This is because of its strong light confinement and guiding properties those facilitates very low group velocity for the guided modes in the vicinity of PBG edges (Joannopoulo
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