Design and Analysis of FBG Sensor for Explosive Detection Applications
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Design and Analysis of FBG Sensor for Explosive Detection Applications M. Divya Shree 1 & A. Sangeetha 1 & Prabu Krishnan 2 Received: 19 June 2019 / Accepted: 4 December 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract In this paper, a simple uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is designed, and maximum reflection of 7.1 dB at 1.55 μm is obtained. As this FBG shows a better reflection, it deserves well for the purpose of sensing and communication predominantly as they are resistant to electromagnetic radiations, light weight, low cost, firm size, and ease of handling. The proposed FBG is used for explosive sensing applications to detect explosives like trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerin, and royal demolition explosive (RDX). The different strain and temperature wavelength shifts of the explosives also analyzed and plotted. Keywords Explosives detection . Fiber Bragg grating
Introduction Nowadays, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) plays a vital role in the sensing and communication applications by the virtue of its big advantage that they are immune to electromagnetic interferences (EMI). FBG is also used in the sensing of temperature, pressure, strain, humidity, and in communication applications such as circulators, narrowband filters, erbium-doped fiber, add-drop multiplexer, and wavelength division multiplexing. An experimental arrangement composed of tilted FBG based on the interferometry method was suitable for sensing the refractive index (RI), and altitude of liquids was analyzed [1]. The microfiber FBG placed in a tapered fiber was constructed thereby validating the power spectral characteristics and coupling of modes where the Fabry-Perot resonator showed the transmission characteristics at 193 nm light along with the microfiber of radius 17.5 μm [2]. A gap FBG was created by dissecting the uniform FBG in the halfway that leads to a tiny air vacuity (voids) that exhibited features of phase-shifted FBG and interferometer with the transmission power of 0.9 dB at 0.12 nm of laser light [3]. An FBG in oscillator and Fabry-Perot filter was used for choosing the * Prabu Krishnan [email protected] 1
Department of Communication Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India
modes with long haul stability which acts as a substitute for RF filter thereby obtaining the noise (phase) of the oscillator as − 104 dBc/Hz in 10 kHz equivalent frequency [4]. Soon after, an FBG on a ring was accomplished for examining the cable force for bridge and compensating the temperature; in order to achieve the better accuracy, the elastomer was designed with arched platforms [5]. A cladless FBG sensor was fabricated to compute the RI and temperature with two reflected wavelengths exhibiting the sensitivity of RI as 1.183 nm/RIU at λ1 and 4.816 nm/RIU at λ2 and the temperature sensitivity as 9.62 ± 0.08 pm/c at λ1 and 9.52 ± 0.13 pm/ c at λ2 [6]. Geophone with FBG s
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