Design and analysis of a reconfigurable XOR/OR logic gate using 2D photonic crystals with low latency
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Design and analysis of a reconfigurable XOR/OR logic gate using 2D photonic crystals with low latency K. Esakki Muthu1 · S. Selvendran2 · V. Keerthana1 · K. Murugalakshmi1 · A. Sivanantha Raja3 Received: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Realization of logical gates in the optical domain is a crucial part of current research to take the advantages of light speed in future demands, an example optical computer motherboard. Here, this paper proposed a simple reconfigurable XOR/OR gate using Two-Dimensional (2D) Photonic crystal structure. The performance of the device is analyzed using 2D finite difference time domain method. The dimension of the proposed crystal structure is 12.5 µm × 12 µm. The field distribution has been measured and displayed to indicate the performance of the logic gates. The proposed structure is very compact with a low latency of 120 fs. Keywords Logic gates · Photonic crystals · Finite difference time domain method · Latency
1 Introduction In present days, the advancement in optical technology dominates in all fields (Jovanovich et al. 1994; Domanski 1997; Li et al. 2004; Mowbray and Amiri 2019) because of its wide bandwidth, low power consumption, throughput and compactness. Further, an everincreasing demand for higher capacity and reduced size leads the research towards the field of all optical signals processing (Stubkjaer 2000). Logic gates are the integral part of the all optical signal processing systems and networks. To facilitate high speed all optical signal processing and networking functions, the logic gates must be designed to exhibit low latencies. Consequently, the all-optical logic gates are implemented using semiconductor optical amplifiers (Stubkjaer 2000 ; Singh et al. 2011; Kotb et al. 2018; Kotb and Guo 2020), the nonlinear property of optical fiber (Yu et al. 2004; Wu and Qui 2010; Li et al. * K. Esakki Muthu [email protected] 1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University VOC College of Engineering, Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
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SENSE, VIT University, Chennai 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India
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Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, A. C. Govt. College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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2016), periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides (Lee et al. 2006; Wang et al. 2007, 2008a, b; Bogoni et al. 2009; Wang and Sun 2009) and micro-ring resonator (Van et al. 2002; Ibrahim et al. 2003). However, the chip level integration has been limited by their physical sizes (haq Shaiq and Rangaswamy 2016). Hence, the design and implementation of logic gates using Photonic Crystal (PhC) structure have been studied extensively (Liu et al. 2011) due to its compactness. In PhC devices, an artificial periodic structure with different refractive index that provides a band of frequency, which is not allowed the flow of light, called photonic
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