Design and analysis of optical logic gates based on trifurcation structured 2D photonic crystals
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Design and analysis of optical logic gates based on trifurcation structured 2D photonic crystals D. Saranya1 · Rajesh Anbazhagan1 Received: 13 July 2018 / Accepted: 27 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper, a trifurcation structured optical logic gates is designed based on 2D photonic crystals that is composed of square lattice air holes in silicon. The results of the proposed structure confirm that it could exhibit the optical logic gate functionality of OR, AND, NOR and NAND gates. These gates were designed with three inputs port and single output port. Out of the three inputs, the centre port is considered as the reference input. The inputs are followed by a square shaped resonator design. The bit rate and footprint are calculated for the proposed optical logic gates. The contrast ratio for AND, NAND and NOR gate is 6.15 dB, 5.79 dB and 2.97 dB respectively. Additionally, phase shifts are introduced in the launch field to improve the contrast ratio and it is found that certain logic functions display improved power output. The contrast ratio for AND, OR gate (with 180° phase shift) is 6.52 dB and 10.79 dB, respectively. The footprint for the proposed gate is 424.7 μm. Plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain method are used to calculate the band structure and wave propagation of the structure. Keywords Photonic crystal · Photonic bandgap · Logic gates · Plane wave expansion · FDTD
1 Introduction Recently all optical logic gates have gained wide attention because of their potential application in the fields of optical computing systems, optical interconnection networks and optical signal processing. Because of the unique ability to control the propagation states of photons, photonic crystals with their photonic band gaps provide a perfect platform for the realization of integrated photonic device. As the conventional electronic technology would reach its speed limit in computation and communication of information in near future, all optical integrated circuit (IC) has become the most promising alternative to face these limitations. * Rajesh Anbazhagan [email protected] D. Saranya [email protected] 1
School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Katpadi, Vellore, India
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D. Saranya, R. Anbazhagan
In recent years, various schemes have been employed for designing the optical logic gates using optical fibers and waveguides and they have certain limitations such as low speed, big size and difficult to perform on chip integration. Photonic crystals (PC) are the periodic structure in one, two or three dimensions that introduce photonic band gaps (PBG). They are the range of frequencies within which a propagating electromagnetic wave does not exist. Photonic band gaps provide the ability of guiding and engineering the flow of light. As the PC advantage from its compactness, it is much suitable in optical integration. The two dimensional (2D) photonic crystals have attracte
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