Design and implementation of CDTA: a review
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Sådhanå (2020)45:282 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-020-01511-1
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Design and implementation of CDTA: a review SHAILENDRA BISARIYA*
and NEELOFER AFZAL
ECE Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi 110025, India e-mail: [email protected] MS received 5 April 2020; revised 4 August 2020; accepted 20 September 2020 Abstract. In this paper a review on design perspective of current-mode current differential trans-conductance amplifier (CDTA) is presented for the state of the art analog signal processing/generating modules design as the main objective. The CDTA circuits are classified according to the active element used for the design with all related parameters taken into consideration. Likelihood implementations of different analog signal processing/generating modules are covered and a comparison of their main parameters trans-conductance, bandwidth, port impedances and power consumption is given. The feasibility of implementing with a lesser area is also considered from the VLSI design viewpoint. The review concludes with CDTA structures with the best possible parameters obtained and future possibilities. Keywords. Current differential trans-conductance amplifier (CDTA); analog signal processing/generating modules; current mode; trans-conductance (gm); bandwidth (BW); power consumption.
1. Introduction In IC design, as the device dimension is continuously shrinking, current-mode approach for designing analog signal processing circuits is gaining more attention than voltage mode because of wide bandwidth and wide dynamic range possible in current-mode circuits. A versatile device working purely in current mode rather than voltage mode is the current differential trans-conductance amplifier (CDTA); it accepts inputs as currents and produces output again as current, hence gaining importance and is extremely useful in designing recent analog modules for low power consumption and high-frequency applications [1–6]. CDTA’s are capable of implementing a variety of functions and are useful in numerous applications in analog signal processing/generating circuits. A few applications as mentioned in literature are multipliers [3, 7–11], modulators [3, 12, 13], rectifiers [6, 7, 14–17], squarer and square rooter circuits [8], peak detectors [16], track and hold [16], Schmitt triggers [18–20], nth-order, KHN, bi-quad, reconfigurable, trans-admittance and frequency-agile filters [21–41], oscillators [42–52], current limiters [53], inductance simulation circuits [9, 54–56], integrators [57] and decremental/incremental memristor emulators [58]. Due to the long list of practical applications possible, CDTA with current as input and output seems to be a promising
*For correspondence
building block for the current-mode signal processing in the near future. Furthermore, CDTA can be considered as a basic element to implement the re-configurable analog modules using a field-programmable analog array (FPAA). The reconfigurab
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