Design, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Polymeric Films
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Research Article Design, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Polymeric Films Daniel A. Real,1 María V. Martinez,1 Agustín Frattini,2 Marina Soazo,3 Alicia G. Luque,4 Marisa S. Biasoli,4 Claudio J. Salomon,1,3 Alejandro C. Olivieri,3,5 and Darío Leonardi1,3,6
Received 14 August 2012; accepted 9 November 2012; published online 8 December 2012 Abstract. The objective of the present paper was the development and the full characterization of antifungal films. Econazole nitrate (ECN) was loaded in a polymeric matrix formed by chitosan (CH) and carbopol 971NF (CB). Polyethylene glycol 400 and sorbitol were used as plasticizing agents. The mechanical properties of films were poorer when the drug was loaded, probably because crystals of ENC produces network outages and therefore reduces the polymeric interactions between the polymers. Polymers–ECN and CH–CB interactions were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetry analysis, and differential thermal analysis (DTA-TGA). ECN did not show structure alterations when loaded into the films. In scanning electron microphotographs and atomic force microscopy analysis, films prepared with CB showed an evident wrinkle pattern probably due to the strong interactions between the polymers, which were observed by FTIR and DTA-TGA. The in vitro activity of the formulations against Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis was twice as greater as the commercial cream, probably as a result of the antifungal combination of the drug with the CH activity. All these results suggest that these polymeric films containing ECN are potential candidates in view of alternatives dosages forms for the treatment of the yeast assayed. KEY WORDS: anti-fungal activity; drug delivery systems; in vitro models; infrared spectroscopy; thermogravimetric analysis.
packaging (9), or for pharmaceutical applications. In the latter case, different administration routes and uses such as buccal delivery of flufenamic (10), control release of amoxicillin in stomach for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (11), vaginal delivery of metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (12), or potential skin drug delivery systems (13) were evaluated. Several works have studied the mechanical properties of CH films, demonstrating that these properties may be improved when CH forms polyelectrolyte complexes with other polymers oppositely charged (14,15). Carbopol 971NF (CB) is a useful polymer which may be anionic, depending on the pH value, and therefore it may generate ionic interactions with CH. This polymer is frequently employed as a major component of drug delivery gel systems for buccal, transdermic, ocular, rectal, and nasal applications (16). Thus, the interaction between the polymers may produce a polymeric matrix which could be able to transport and release different drugs. Antifungal agents are interesting drugs to be used as model due to, among the different microbes that affect the quality of life of the entire population, infectious diseases caused by
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