In vitro screening and in silico prediction of antifungal metabolites from rhizobacterium Achromobacter kerstersii JKP9
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In vitro screening and in silico prediction of antifungal metabolites from rhizobacterium Achromobacter kerstersii JKP9 Karuppiah Vijay1 · Thangarasu Suganya Devi1 · Karthikeyan Kirupa Sree1 · Abdallah M. Elgorban2 · Ponnuchamy Kumar3 · Muthusamy Govarthanan4 · Thangavel Kavitha1 Received: 12 February 2020 / Revised: 13 May 2020 / Accepted: 10 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The main objective of this study was to identify the antifungal metabolites from Achromobacter kerstersii JKP9, a rhizosphere bacterium isolated from tomato cultivations, inhibiting the melanin biosynthetic pathways in vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). To achieve this objective, all the rhizobacterial morphotypes were screened for plant-growth-promoting and antagonistic activities. Ethyl acetate extract of Achromobacter kerstersii JKP9 was purified in HPLC and predicted for antifungals in GC–MS equipped with Wiley library. After identification, molecular docking of useful ligands with modeled Short-chain Dehydrogenase/ Reductase (SDR) of Fol (Locus: FOXG_00472). Results were indicated that the potential strain Achromobacter kerstersii JKP9 exclusively secreted five pyrrole analogs notable for their antifungal role with no extracellular antifungal enzyme production as seen in other rhizobacterial isolates. In silico docking studies identified, Pyrrolo[1, 2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro- as effective for SDR in Fol. From these results, we conclude that bacterial pyrroles can be used as an effective fungicide to control Fusarium wilt in tomatoes. In the future, these pyrrole derivatives can directly be employed as eco-friendly fungicides or may be used as antifungal supplements in agrochemical products for the sustainable production of tomatoes. Keywords Antifungals · Achromobacter kerstersii · Pyrroles · Rhizosphere bacteria · Vascular wilt
Introduction Tomato stands second among the widely consumed horticulture crops worldwide, next to the potatoes. It forms a vital component of daily food intake as both raw and Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-01982-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Thangavel Kavitha [email protected] 1
Department of Microbiology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, India
2
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Tamilnadu, Karaikudi, India
4
Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea
processed vegetables (Brookie et al. 2018). However, the sustainable yield is often threatened by several fungal diseases. Among the most devastating fungal diseases to tomato plants, vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycop
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