Design of High Linearity Inductor-Less Active CMOS Mixer Based on Volterra Series Analysis
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Design of High Linearity Inductor-Less Active CMOS Mixer Based on Volterra Series Analysis Ali Ataei Siah Bidi1 · Gholamreza Karimi1 Received: 11 January 2019 / Revised: 21 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 March 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the present paper, a linearization technique is proposed for double-balanced active inductor-less mixer based on the interaction of two nonlinear approaches. The proposed procedure utilizes multiple-gate and second harmonic injection techniques in order to simultaneously enhance the third-order intercept point (IIP3) and second-order intercept point (IIP2). The full Volterra series analysis of transconductance stage of the proposed mixer is presented to demonstrate the effective technique in detail. Simulations are performed utilizing a TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS technology. Compared with the conventional Gilbert cell mixer, the simulations suggest improvements of 18.6 dBm and 54 dBm in IIP3 and IIP2 of the proposed mixer, respectively. The mixer has a conversion gain of 20.3 dB while 3.21 mA is drawn from a 1.8 V power supply. Keywords CMOS active mixer · Inductor-less mixer · Second-order intercept point (IIP2) · Third-order intercept point (IIP3) · Volterra series
1 Introduction In recent years, direct conversion receiver (DCR) and low intermediate-frequency (low-IF) receiver architectures have attracted more attention due to their advantages such as simplicity, lower cost, and high level of monolithic integration. Unfortunately, DCR suffers from some drawbacks such as DC offset and 1f noise. Although these drawbacks are resolved in low-IF receivers, they still face the challenge of image-rejection. The main disadvantages of both architectures are high second- and third-order intermodulations [7,15]. Double-balance Gilbert is frequently used as an
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Gholamreza Karimi [email protected] Ali Ataei Siah Bidi [email protected]
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Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah 6714414971, Iran
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing
active mixer because of its favorable qualities, e.g., low port to port feed-through, high conversion gain, and reduced even-order nonlinearities. Several linearization techniques have been proposed to enhance IIP3 and IIP2. An effective but expensive approach to improve the receiver linearity is using an external surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter to attenuate the out-of-band blockers. It is also possible to improve IIP3 using an auxiliary transistor in parallel with the main transistor which is biased in different regions due to the cancellation of the second-order derivative transconductance (gm ) of the main transistor [10,20]. Some current-reused, current-mirror, and feedback techniques are used in [12] and [19] to cancel the IM3 current. A third approach to improve the linearity involves IM2 injection as proposed in [1,2,11,14], which faces with the problem of simultaneous IIP3 and IIP2 improvement. Certain calibration techniques have been proposed
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