Designing soft/hard double network hydrogel microsphere/UHMWPE composites to promote water lubrication performance
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ISSN 2223-7690 CN 10-1237/TH
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Designing soft/hard double network hydrogel microsphere/ UHMWPE composites to promote water lubrication performance Chaobao WANG1,2, Xiuqin BAI1,2,*, Conglin DONG1,2, Zhiwei GUO1,2, Chengqing YUAN1,2,*, Anne NEVILLE1,3 1
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
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Key Laboratory of Marine Power Engineering & Technology (Ministry of Transport), Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan
3
Institute of Functional Surfaces, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
430063, China Received: 17 February 2020 / Revised: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 17 May 2020
© The author(s) 2020. Abstract: Several soft tissues residing in the living body have excellent hydration lubrication properties and can provide effective protection during relative motion. In order to apply this advantage of soft matters in practical applications and try to avoid its disadvantage, such as swelling and weakening in water, a design strategy of a soft/hard double network (DN) hydrogel microsphere modified ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite is proposed in this study. A series of microspheres of urea-formaldehyde (UF), polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel, UF/PAAm double network, and their composites were prepared. The mechanical properties, swelling, wettability, friction properties, and the lubrication mechanisms of the composites were investigated. The results show that DN microspheres can have an excellent stability and provide hydration lubrication. The performance of 75 DN-1 composite was superior to others. This finding will provide a novel strategy for the development of water-lubricated materials and have wide application in engineering fields. Keywords: double network; microsphere; composite; friction properties; hydration lubrication
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Introduction
When one surface moves over another, friction resistance will be generated to oppose the movement, which induces a huge waste of resources and energy in mechanical systems [1, 2]. Using oily substances as a lubricant to reduce friction has always been a common approach [3, 4]. However, environmental pollution becomes more and more serious with the wide use of conventional oil lubricants, attention has gradually turned to using water as a natural lubricant, which is renewable, abundant, non-polluting, and can be conveniently stored and transported [5–8].
Water-lubricated bearings have been widespread used in ship power systems, which use water as a lubricant. The use of water-lubricated bearings can effectively avoid the leak of oil lubricants caused by the seal failure of oil-lubricated bearings, which has significance for the environmental protection and saving resources [9, 10]. However, the viscosity of water is much less than that of oil, and also the pressure–viscosity coefficient poses a problem to obtain stable lubrication condition [11]. These shortages can cause low bearing capacity, severe wear, abnormal vibration, and noise to o
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