Determinants and Controls of Scientific Development
This book constitutes the outcome of an international conference held at the Otto-Mobes-Volkswirtschaftsschule, Graz-Stifting( Austria), from June 16 to 22, 1974. The conference was initiated by a project group working on determinants and controls of soci
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THEORY AND DECISION LIBRARY AN INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY AND METHODOLOGY OF THE SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Editors: GERALD EBERLEIN,
University of Saarland
WERNER LEINFELLNER,
University of Nebraska
Editorial Advisory Board: K.
BORCH,
Norwegian Schools of Economics and Business Administration M. BUNGE,
J.
S. COLEMAN,
McGill University University of Chicago
W. KROEBER-RIEL,
A. A.
C. MICHALOS, RAPOPORT,
A.
SEN,
University of Saarland University of Guelph
University of Toronto
University of London
W. STEGMULLER,
University of Munich
K. SZANIA WSKI, University of Warsaw
L.
TONDL,
Prague
VOLUME 10
DETERMINANTS AND CONTROLS OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT Edited by
KARIN D. KNORR, HERMANN STRASSER, AND HANS GEORG ZILIAN Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, Austria
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY DORDRECHT-HOLLAND
I BOSTON-U.S.A.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Determinants and controls of scientific development. (Theory and decision library; v. 10) Proceedings of a conference initiated by a project group at the
Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, and held at Otto-Mabes-Volkswirtschaftsschule, Graz-Stifting, Austria, June 16-22, 1974. Includes bibliographies and indexes. 1. Social sciences-Methodology-Congresses. 2. ScienceHistory-Congresses. 3. Science-Philosophy-Congresses. 1. Knorr, Karin D., 1944II. Strasser, Hermann, 1941Ill. ZiIian, Hans Georg, 1945N. Institut ffir Hohere Studien und Wissenschaftliche Forschung, Vienna. HM38.D48 300'.1'5 75-16419 ISBN-13: 978-94-010-1833-3 DOl: 10. I 007/978-94-0 10- I 83 1-9
e-ISBN-13: 978-94-010-1831-9
Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company, P.O. Box 17, Dordrecht, Holland Sold and distributed in the U.S.A., Canada and Mexico by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Inc. Lincoln Building, 106 Old Derby Street, Hingham, Mass. 02043, U.S.A.
All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1975 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1975 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vn
PREFACE LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
XI
SECTION A / AFTER THE KUHNIAN REVOLUTION: NEW TRENDS IN MET ASCIENCE
3
INTRODUCTION
I Prescriptive Theory and the Social Sciences WHITLEY I Components of Scientific Activities,
ROBER T I. WATSON RICHARD D.
11
Their Characteristics and Institutionalisation in Specialties and Research Areas: A Framework for the Comparative Analysis of Scientific Developments
37
I On the Possibility of Objectivity and Moral Determinants in Scientific Change
75
I The Moral Limits of Scientific Research: An Evolutionary Approach
113
TIBOR MACHAN
NICHOLAS CAPALDI
DAVID SILVERMAN /
Preserving Science: Virtuosity as Virtue
143
SECTION B/COGNITION AND COMMUNICATION IN SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT
175
