Development of Bibliometrics as a Scientific Field
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lopment of Bibliometrics as a Scientific Field Yu. V. Mokhnachevaa, * and V. A. Tsvetkovaa, b, ** a
b
Library for Natural Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] Received April 14, 2020
Abstract—This paper discusses the stages of development of bibliometrics based on data obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoS CC) for 1975–2019. It is shown that starting from the 2000s the number of publications on bibliometric topics has been growing exponentially and the Hirsch index has also increased significantly. It is found that the most cited publications of 1975–2000 had a general theoretical and methodological focus, while the publications of 2001–2019 were related to the intensive development of Internet technologies and databases that allow working with Big Data. Bibliometrics penetrated almost all scientific areas; it was found that while in 1975–2000 the WoS CC category Information Science & Library Science concentrated 60% of the documents on bibliometrics, while in 2001–2019 this category accounted for only 32% of all documents, and the rest of the publications were distributed over almost all subject categories of the WoS CC. In the last decade, the most popular publications have been those made at the intersection of different sciences with the simultaneous use of advanced computer technologies and bibliometric methods. Keywords: bibliometrics, historical aspect, application of bibliometrics, objective risks, subjective risks, publication activity on the topic “bibliometrics,” dynamics of citations on the topic “bibliometrics,” trends in use DOI: 10.3103/S014768822003003X
INTRODUCTION The history of the emergence and development of bibliometrics as a discipline has been discussed in multiple publications [1–3]. However, there is no common point of view regarding the definite time of its appearance [4]. This area of scientific and practical activity began to develop most actively only after the Second World War. The second half of the 20th century can be characterized as a period of mass scientific production: a growing number of researchers and scientific publications; fragmentation of disciplines; more publishers; etc. All this stimulated the need for both the quantification of publications and the estimation of their quality. Citedness was chosen as a quality indicator: “the more important the article is, the more often it is cited” [3, p. 2]. Citedness has become a measure of the recognition of a scientific work, although this statement is controversial, since approximately 40% of all publications are not cited at all or are cited with a significant delay in time. Research requires processing huge amounts of bibliographic data. This problem was successfully solved by E. Garfield, who founded the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in 1960 and published the first edition of the Science Citation Index in 1
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