Determinants of CO 2 emissions in upper middle-income group countries: an empirical investigation
- PDF / 439,050 Bytes
- 15 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 15 Downloads / 175 Views
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Determinants of CO2 emissions in upper middle-income group countries: an empirical investigation Aqib Mujtaba 1 & Pabitra Kumar Jena 1
&
D. Mukhopadhyay 2
Received: 6 April 2020 / Accepted: 18 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study investigates the kinked exponential growth, degree of association, and causation between economic growth, energy consumption, population, trade openness, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 25 upper middle-income group countries spanning data from 1985 to 2014. The study employed first-generation and second-generation unit root tests; prior to that, the cross-sectional dependence test is also applied and panel cointegration techniques, panel FMOLS and DOLS, and panel causality techniques are employed to test the degree of association and causation among the variables. The study reveals a long-run cointegration among the variables. Results of FMOLS declare that there are negative associations between economic growth and CO2 emissions, trade openness, and carbon dioxide emissions respectively, whereas it was found that there are positive relations between energy consumption and CO2 emissions, population, and CO2 emissions. While analyzing the association through DOLS, we find that all the selected determinants of carbon dioxide emissions are directly proportional to CO2 emissions in these countries. The panel Granger causality test indicates that there is bi-directional causality between population and economic growth and between trade openness and economic growth. Finally, the study ends with some policy suggestions and new avenues for future research. Keywords Carbon dioxide emissions . Economic growth . Energy consumption . Population . Trade openness . FMOLS and DOLS JEL classification C50 . O13 . Q56
Introduction Global warming is fetched out as a result of the industrial revolution which renovated the global economy from living Responsible editor: Nicholas Apergis * Pabitra Kumar Jena [email protected] Aqib Mujtaba [email protected] D. Mukhopadhyay [email protected] 1
School of Economics, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra-182320, Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir, India
2
School of Business, Faculty of Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra-182320, Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir 182320, India
economies based on human capital and animal power to nonliving economies based on energy-consuming machinery. This change has turned out to be one of the most challenging environmental problems in recent years captivating great attention to the world’s researchers and policymakers. Global warming is the main reason behind climate change, and this is mainly attributed to greenhouse gas emissions (Gozgor 2017). Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is considered as the major source of global warming, having the highest heat-trapping ability among other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, (Sarker et al. 2016). Energy consumption (EC) and economic growth (EG) rise CO2 emissi
Data Loading...
