Determination of Free and Esterified Fatty Acids in Hydrocoles of Different Content of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Ga
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In a word, I have become cognisant of many, many things… but still I am not yet satisfied. My spirit still thirsts for further knowledge… St. John of Kronstadt
Determination of Free and Esterified Fatty Acids in Hydrocoles of Different Content of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Gas–Liquid Chromatography A. A. Nikonovaa, *, S. M. Shishlyannikova, b, T. A. Shishlyannikovaa, T. N. Avezovaa, T. A. Babenkoa, O. I. Belykha, O. Yu. Glyzinaa, V. A. Obolkina, O. N. Pavlovaa, A. N. Smagunovac, †, E. V. Sukhanovaa, I. V. Tikhonovaa, T. A. Khanaevaa, and V. A. Khutoryanskyc aThe
Limnological Institute of The Siberian Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, 664033 Russia bInstitute of the Limnology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 196105 Russia cThe Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, 664033 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received January 27, 2020; revised March 25, 2020; accepted April 24, 2020
Abstract—This paper presents a new technique of hydrocole (bacteria, blue−green algae, phytoplankton, zooplankton, sponges, fish oil and seal fat) fatty acids (FA) methyl esters determination by gas-liquid chromatography. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contents in these objects were different. The distinguishing features of the technique are the next ones: efficiency, lipid extraction recovery ≥94% using the sonication during 10–15 min without sample drying, high PUFAs yield (≥97%) by reduction of oxidation up to 40% during methylation; exhaustive extraction of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) including PUFA; a new approach to obtain of methyl esters of free fatty acids except using toxic reagents; accuracy of FAMEs quantification including ω-3-, ω-6-, ω-9-FA using the di-n-decyl ether as an internal standard and accuracy of measurements using “T14165QC Fish oil” standard sample (first). The technique is approbated for Baikal hydrocole FA determination from 20 to 2000 μg in the sample and might be used for scientific and applied tasks. The interlaboratory precision of FAME determination of phytoplankton and bacteria is ≤10%. Keywords: gas chromatography−mass-spectrometry (GC−MS), flame-ionization, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), free fatty acids (FFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), Lake Baikal, phytoplankton, bacteria, blue−green algae (cyanobacteria), zooplankton, sponge, fish oil, phoca (Baikal seal) DOI: 10.1134/S1061934820100093
Fatty acids (FAs) are aliphatic monobasic carboxylic acids found in environment in oils, fats and waxes of natural origin. These acids may be both free (FFAs) and bonded or esterified (EFA). The water ecosystem organisms contain wide spectra of FAs including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), essential, branched, cyclic fatty acids and others. For protozoan (bacteria, yeast) linear SFAs such as palmitic C16:0 and stearic C18:0, branched FAs and monounsaturated oleic C18:1 fatty acid [1–5] are dominant. Blue-green algae of some species are able to synthesize MUFA and PUFA abundantly (>6
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