Determination of halogens and sulfur in honey: a green analytical method using a single analysis
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RESEARCH PAPER
Determination of halogens and sulfur in honey: a green analytical method using a single analysis Marcia F. Mesko 1 & Fernanda P. Balbinot 1 & Priscila T. Scaglioni 1 & Mariele S. Nascimento 2 & Rochele S. Picoloto 2 & Vanize C. da Costa 1 Received: 10 February 2020 / Revised: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 1 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The halogen determination is important in view of their biological and environmental roles, but their determination has still been considered a challenge, especially at low concentrations. Therefore, a method for honey decomposition using microwaveinduced combustion (MIC) combined with ion chromatography and conductimetric detection (for Cl, F, and S determination) or mass detection (for Br and I determination) (IC-CD-MS) is proposed. Trueness was evaluated by adding reference materials (RMs) or a standard solution in the sample. By using 50 mmol L−1 NH4OH as the absorbing solution, recoveries for all analytes were between 94 and 103%, in both tests. Moreover, no statistical difference (t test, confidence level of 95%) was observed for the results obtained by IC in comparison with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (Cl and S) and by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Br and I). Finally, the proposed method was applied to 19 honey samples from different origins. The concentrations ranged from < 0.45 to 2.39 mg kg−1 (Br), 21.8 to 671 mg kg−1 (Cl), and 11 to 154 mg kg−1 (S), while the F and I concentrations were below that their quantification limits (LOQs) in all analyzed samples. The LOQs for Br, Cl, F, I, and S were 0.45, 21, 3.7, 0.077, and 8.7 mg kg−1, respectively. The MIC method provided a compatible solution to IC for the halogen and S determination in honey by a single analysis. Keywords Honey . Sample preparation . Microwave-induced combustion . Ion chromatography . Mass spectrometry . Halogens and sulfur determination
Introduction Honey is a natural product, consumed mainly as food and also used for therapeutic purposes, which is produced by bees from the nectar, secretions, or excretions of plants [1]. Taking into account the importance of honey, especially to human health, Published in the topical collection featuring Female Role Models in Analytical Chemistry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02636-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Marcia F. Mesko [email protected] 1
Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS 96160-000, Brazil
2
Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
the quality control and the knowledge about its composition are necessary. Information about some nutrients, such as Br, Cl, F, I, and S, has been considered important, even when they are present at low levels. These elements can indicate the use of
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