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ORIGINAL PAPER

Determination of nereistoxin-related insecticide via quantum-dots-doped covalent organic frameworks in a molecularly imprinted network Ying Zhang 1 & Xinyue Yuan 1 & Wei Jiang 1 & Huilin Liu 1 Received: 29 March 2020 / Accepted: 7 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Quantum-dots-doped covalent organic frameworks in a molecularly imprinted network (QDs-doped COFs@MIP) were developed for detection of nereistoxin (NRT)-related insecticide in tap water. The preparation of QDs-doped COFs@MIP was easy to accomplish via one-pot synthesis at room temperature. QDs-doped COFs@MIP quenched by targeting thiosultap due to the photoinduced charge transfer. A Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 186.20 m2 g−1 and a maximum adsorption capacity of 771 mg g−1 of the QDs-doped COFs@MIP exhibited good selectivity and adsorption capacity. Direct fluorescence determination was established over the range 5–100 μg L−1 (R2 = 0.9959) with a detection limit of 1.60 μg L−1. Furthermore, 86.5–106.5% recoveries of spiked tap water were achieved. The determination system was feasible for tracing the NRT-related insecticide with high accuracy and good repeatability and reproducibility. Keywords Two modalities determination . Molecularly imprinted polymers . Covalent organic frameworks . Quantum dots . Nereistoxin-related insecticide

Introduction Nereistoxin (NRT)-related insecticides, including thiosultap, cartap, thiocyclam, bensultap, and monosultap, were widely applied in agriculture pest management due to its low toxicity and high insecticidal activity [1]. Unfortunately, the overuse and/or misuse of NRT-related insecticides has caused food safety and environmental issues, and human health concerns [2, 3]. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture has specified maximum residue limits (MRL) for NRT-related insecticide residues, such as the MRL of thiosultap in cabbage which is 0.5 mg kg−1. The common methods for NRT-related insecti-

Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04435-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Huilin Liu [email protected] 1

Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), No. 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, People’s Republic of China

cide detection are mainly instrumental analysis such as liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry [4, 5] and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [6, 7] as they are high in sensitivity and accuracy. However, the inevitable shortcomings inherent in instrumental analysis such as its cost, complicated pretreatment steps, in-laboratory analysis, and skilled manpower limit their further application [8]. Therefore, a simple, environmentally friendly, low-cost, and convenient method for NRT-related insecticide identification at trace levels is particularly important. Recently, the advancement