Determination of Pb(II) Ions Using Novel Ion-Imprinted Polymer Magnetic Nanoparticles: Investigation of the Relation Bet
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Determination of Pb(II) Ions Using Novel Ion-Imprinted Polymer Magnetic Nanoparticles: Investigation of the Relation Between Pb (II) Ions in Cow’s Milk and Their Nutrition Omid Sadeghi & Forouzan Aboufazeli & Hamid Reza Lotfi Zadeh Zhad & Mohammad Karimi & Ezzatollah Najafi
Received: 5 May 2012 / Accepted: 16 July 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract The application of novel Pb(II) ion-imprinted polymer coated on magnetic mesoporous silica was investigated in preconcentration and determination of low level of Pb(II) ions. The job proposed a new method for preconcentration and determination of Pb(II) ions. This novel sorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric/differential thermal analysis, elemental analysis, and low-angle X-ray powder diffraction. Effects of various factors such as the effects of the pH of sample solution, eluent (include type, concentration and volume), adsorption and desorption time which are effective in method efficiency, were appraised through this study. In order to investigate the selectivity of this sorbent toward Pb(II) ion, the effects of variety of foreign ions interfering on preconcentration and recovery of Pb(II) ions were also investigated. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.7 μg L−1 and the recovery and relative standard deviation of the method were 96.6–102.4 % and 1.3–3.3 %, respectively. Validation of the outlined method was performed by analyzing several standard reference materials with certified Pb(II) concentrations. Finally, this sorbent was applied for separation and determination of Pb(II) ion in grass and cow’s milk, which showed their lead concentration to be below the detection limit of flame atomic adsorption spectroscopy. Keywords Pb(II) determination . Magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles . Ion-imprinted polymer . Milk . Grass O. Sadeghi : F. Aboufazeli : H. R. Lotfi Zadeh Zhad : M. Karimi : E. Najafi (*) Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, P. O. Box 18735-334, Tehran, Iran e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction With increasing recognition of the toxicological and nutritional importance of trace elements (Chowdhury and Chandra 1987), there is a corresponding need to develop accurate analytical methods with sufficient sensitivity to determine the trace levels of these elements found in food and environmental samples. Nowadays, researchers and scientists are attempting to decrease the limit of detection (LOD) values and make the methods more sensitive toward trace level elements (Prasad et al. 2006). Although the trace amounts of elements are determined, the results suffer from lack of enough accuracy. Also, the source of the analyte which causes sample contamination cannot be figured out exactly. Environmental exposure to lead and its absorption by the body, even in low levels, constitute a severe public health problem due to the absence of safe concentration levels of this metal (Schnaas et al. 2006; Lanphear et al. 2005; Tong et al. 2000) and also du
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