Silane modified magnetic nanoparticles as a novel adsorbent for determination of morphine at trace levels in human hair
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Silane modified magnetic nanoparticles as a novel adsorbent for determination of morphine at trace levels in human hair samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection Ali Boojaria1 • Mahboubeh Masrournia1 • Hamideh Ghorbani2 Abdolhossein Ebrahimitalab1 • Mina Miandarhoie3
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Accepted: 29 July 2015 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract In this paper we report a novel, sensitive, and rapid method of magnetic solid phase extraction based on surface modified magnetic nanoparticles as a novel nano sorbent for HPLC determination of morphine with diode array detection in human hair samples. Factors affecting the extraction efficiency of the proposed method, including the sample pH, quantity of magnetic nanoparticles, sample volume, desorption solvent type and its volume, and extraction time were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized experimental conditions, a good linearity was observed in the range of 1–800 lgL-1 for the morphine, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.990. The pre-concentration factor of 208.69 was achieved in this method. The detection limit of the method was 0.1 lgL-1 based on S/N = 3 and good reproducibility with a relative standard deviations lower than (n = 5) 2.59 %. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of trace amounts of morphine in human hair samples with satisfactory results. This method can be applied in medical toxicology research and forensic medical centers. Keywords Morphine Magnetic nanoparticles HPLC Magnetic solid phase extraction Human hair samples Forensic medical centers
& Ali Boojaria [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
2
Legal Medicine Organization of Iran, Mashhad, Iran
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Introduction In post-mortem toxicology, blood samples are traditionally used for drug analysis. This type of testing provides information concerning acute poisoning. For information concerning chronic drug use, analysis of hair is required. The results from hair analysis can be considered complimentary to those from blood analysis [1–3]. Accurate analysis of hair for identifying ingestion of drugs of abuse is dependent on excluding drugs present from sources other than ingestion, particularly contaminating drugs from the environment, from the measurement. In addition to environmental sources of drugs on hair, a subject who has ingested a drug deposits a record of this use in their hair during its growth, via the blood supply to the hair follicle, as well as also excreting the drug in their perspiration. This perspiration may also deposit drugs on the external surface of the hair and, because it cannot be assumed that all drug users shampoo their hair adequately to remove this, the laboratory must be responsible for removing or minimizing such drug deposits in their analytical results if they are to be accurate in terms of quantities
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